Dynamics And Stochasticity In Transportation Systems

Dynamics and Stochasticity in Transportation Systems: Solutions for Transportation Network Modeling breaks new ground on the topics, providing consistent and comprehensive coverage of steady state equilibrium and dynamic assignment within a common strategy. The book details the most recent advances in network assignment, including day-to-day and within-day dynamics, providing a solid foundation to help transportation planners solve transient overload and other problems. Users will find a book that fills the gap in knowledge with its description on how to use and employ the latest dynamic network models for evaluation of traffic and transport demand interventions. This book demystifies the many different dynamic traffic assignment approaches and requires no previous knowledge on the part of the reader. All results are fully described and proven, thus eliminating the need to seek out other references. The skills described will appeal to transportation professionals, researchers and graduate students alike. Presents a consistent and comprehensive theory on steady state equilibrium assignment and day-to-day dynamic assignment models within a common framework Describes and solves modeling calculations in detail, with no need to reference other sources Includes numerical and graphical examples, text boxes and summaries at the end of each chapter to help readers better understand theoretical components Includes primary mathematical tools necessary for each dynamic model, easing comprehension

Dynamics and Stochasticity in Transportation Systems Part II: Equations and Examples goes beyond theory and mathematical models to give readers a practical understanding of dynamic and stochastic assignment modeling approaches in transportation systems. These approaches are critical for the future of transportation systems analysis, providing a better understanding of system evolution over time and of travelers' behavior in challenging scenarios, including ITS as well as new services, such as shared vehicles, and new kinds of vehicles, such as connected or autonomous vehicles. After an introduction in chapter 1, chapters 2-5 each provide an introduction followed by recent advances, review of contents of the corresponding chapters in Giulio Cantarella’s previous book, discussion of numerical examples matching the sections, a summary, and final remarks. Readers will appreciate the fully discussed numerical examples, applications to real cases, review of recent developments and other materials not easily available in the literature, such as long proofs. This book bridges the mathematical theory with operational needs in a way that no current book does with practical, real-world cases and examples. Academics, researchers, and instructors as well as professionals, practitioners, and consultants will find this a valuable resource for solving network equilibrium problems in transportation systems analysis. Covers dynamic aspects of transportation network analysis through application of mathematical models to real cases Discusses operational issues of mathematical models for evaluation of traffic and transport demand interventions, giving readers a practical approach to these problems and bridging theoretical and operational aspects together Presents recent new developments and the latest research findings since 2019 Includes numerical examples and applications supported by several figures and tables, allowing the reader to reproduce the presented results

This thesis employs traditional and new approaches to analyze properties of transportation systems under uncertainty and their effect on the various stages to transportation management; i.e., strategic, tactical, operational and real-time. Numerous pertinent problems are presented or extended to account for dynamics and uncertainty such as the network design problem, dynamic traffic assignment, centralized guidance, and the online shortest path problem. Analytical formulations are developed to describe system properties, and solution algorithms are presented to model transport systems under the stated conditions and, ultimately, to improve the performance of the transportation network.

This book seeks to summarize our recent progress in dynamic trans portation network modeling. It concentrates on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times and their corresponding solution algorithms. In contrast, our first book DynamIc Urban Transportation Network Models - The ory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle-Hzghway Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1994) focused on instantaneous dynamic network models. Comparing the two books, the major differences can be summarized as follows: 1. This book uses the variational inequality problem as the basic formulation approach and considers the optimal control problem as a subproblem for solution purposes. The former book used optimal control theory as the basic formulation approach, which caused critical problems in some circumstances. 2. This book focuses on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times. The former book focused on instantaneous dynamic network models based on currently prevailing travel times. 3. This book formulates a stochastic dynamic route choice model which can utilize any possible route choice distribution function instead of only the logit function. 4. This book reformulates the bilevel problem of combined departure time/ route choice as a one-level variational inequality. 5. Finally, a set of problems is provided for classroom use. In addition, this book offers comprehensive insights into the complexity and challenge of applying these dynamic network models to Intelligent Trans portation Systems (ITS). Nevertheless, the models in this text are not yet fully evaluated and are subject to revision based on future research.

Each chapter in Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modelling develops a topic from basic concepts to the state-of-the-art, and beyond. All chapters relate to aspects of network equilibrium. Chapter One advocates the use of simulation models for the representation of traffic flow movements at the microscopic level. Chapter Two presents travel demand systems for generating trip matrices from activity-based models, taking into account the entire daily schedule of network users. Chapter Three examines equilibrium strategic choices adopted by the passengers of a congested transit system, carefully addressing line selection at boarding and transfer nodes. Chapter Four provides a critical appraisal of the traditional process that consists in sequentially performing the tasks of trip generation, trip distribution, mode split and assignment, and its impact on the practice of transportation planning. Chapter Five gives an insightful overview of stochastic assignment models, both in the static and dynamic cases. Chapters Six and Seven investigate the setting of tolls to improve traffic flow conditions in a congested transportation network. Chapter Eight provides a unifying framework for the analysis of multicriteria assignment models. In this chapter, available algorithms are summarized and an econometric perspective on the estimation of heterogeneous preferences is given. Chapter Nine surveys the use of hyperpaths in operations research and proposes a new paradigm of equilibrium in a capacitated network, with an application to transit assignment. Chapter Ten analyzes the transient states of a system moving towards equilibrium, using the mathematical framework of projected dynamical systems. Chapter Eleven discusses an in-depth survey of algorithms for solving shortest path problems, which are pervasive to any equilibrium algorithm. The chapter devotes special attention to the computation of dynamic shortest paths and to shortest hyperpaths. The final chapter considers operations research tools for reducing traffic congestion, in particular introducing an algorithm for solving a signal-setting problem formulated as a bilevel program.

This edited book focuses on recent developments in Dynamic Network Modeling, including aspects of route guidance and traffic control as they relate to transportation systems and other complex infrastructure networks. Dynamic Network Modeling is generally understood to be the mathematical modeling of time-varying vehicular flows on networks in a fashion that is consistent with established traffic flow theory and travel demand theory. Dynamic Network Modeling as a field has grown over the last thirty years, with contributions from various scholars all over the field. The basic problem which many scholars in this area have focused on is related to the analysis and prediction of traffic flows satisfying notions of equilibrium when flows are changing over time. In addition, recent research has also focused on integrating dynamic equilibrium with traffic control and other mechanism designs such as congestion pricing and network design. Recently, advances in sensor deployment, availability of GPS-enabled vehicular data and social media data have rapidly contributed to better understanding and estimating the traffic network states and have contributed to new research problems which advance previous models in dynamic modeling. A recent National Science Foundation workshop on “Dynamic Route Guidance and Traffic Control” was organized in June 2010 at Rutgers University by Prof. Kaan Ozbay, Prof. Satish Ukkusuri , Prof. Hani Nassif, and Professor Pushkin Kachroo. This workshop brought together experts in this area from universities, industry and federal/state agencies to present recent findings in this area. Various topics were presented at the workshop including dynamic traffic assignment, traffic flow modeling, network control, complex systems, mobile sensor deployment, intelligent traffic systems and data collection issues. This book is motivated by the research presented at this workshop and the discussions that followed.

This book reveals the underlying mechanisms of complexity and stochastic evolutions of traffic flows. Using Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements, the authors propose lognormal headway/spacing/velocity distributions and subsequently develop a Markov car-following model to describe drivers’ random choices concerning headways/spacings, putting forward a stochastic fundamental diagram model for wide scattering flow-density points. In the context of highway onramp bottlenecks, the authors present a traffic flow breakdown probability model and spatial-temporal queuing model to improve the stability and reliability of road traffic flows. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in the fields of transportation engineering and civil engineering.

"This book provides a rigorous and comprehensive coverage of transportation models and planning methods and is a must-have to anyone in the transportation community, including students, teachers, and practitioners." Moshe Ben-Akiva, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

"This book provides a rigorous and comprehensive coverage of transportation models and planning methods and is a must-have to anyone in the transportation community, including students, teachers, and practitioners." Moshe Ben-Akiva, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.