Dyers And Burkes Addenda And Corrigenda To Johnsons Dictionary As Clues To Its Contemporary Reception

Both dictionary and paratext research have emerged recently as widely-recognised research areas of intrinsic interest. This collection represents an attempt to place dictionaries within the paratextual context for the first time. This volume covers paratextual concerns, including dictionary production and use, questions concerning compilers, publishers, patrons and subscribers, and their cultural embedding generally. This book raises questions such as who compiled dictionaries and what cultural, linguistic and scientific notions drove this process. What influence did the professional interests, life experience, and social connexions of the lexicographer have? Who published dictionaries and why, and what do the forematter, backmatter, and supplements tell us? Lexicographers edited, adapted and improved earlier works, leaving copies with marginalia which illuminate working methods. Individual copies offer a history of ownership through marginalia, signatures, dates, places, and library stamps. Further questions concern how dictionaries were sold, who patronised them, subscribed to them, and how they came to various libraries.

The eighteenth century is renowned for the publication of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language, which reference sources still call the first English dictionary. This collection demonstrates the inaccuracy of that claim, but its tenacity in the public mind testifies to how decisively Johnson formed our sense of what a dictionary is. The essays and articles in this volume examine the already flourishing tradition of English lexicography from which Johnson drew, as represented by Kersey, Bailey, and Martin, as well as the flourishing contemporary trade in encyclopedic, technical, pronunciation, and bilingual lexicons.

Scotticisms in Grammar and Vocabulary investigates the historical development of the (mainly sociolinguistic) phenomena which favoured a process of increasing anglicisation in Late Modern Scots, leading many speakers and writers to strenuous attempts to avoid pronunciations, syntactic forms and lexical items that were restricted either from the geographical of the social point of view. These attempts, however, were never quite successful, and the influence of Scots on the distinctiveness of present-day Scottish English is still very clearly discernible. main features of contemporary Scottish Standard English are discussed. These chapters are followed by an analysis of the concept of 'Scotticism' from the historical point of view. Special prominence is given to the eighteenth century; the role of the most important prescriptive grammarians is described, together with an assessment of the ambiguous sociolinguistic attitudes that Scotticisms provoked at the turn of the century, when new literary figures returned status to 'the vernacular'. Finally, the nineteenth century is taken into consideration. This, in turn, leads back to contemporary language, in order to discuss the ways in which items have changed their status, from 'proscribed Scotticisms' to 'covert' or 'overt Scotticisms', worthy of stylistic consideration, and still employed as highly valuable tools of expression.

The function of the painted wooden object ranges from the practical to the profound. These objects may perform utilitarian tasks, convey artistic whimsy, connote noble aspirations, and embody the highest spiritual expressions. This volume, illustrated in color throughout, presents the proceedings of a conference organized by the Wooden Artifacts Group of the American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC) and held in November 1994 at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in Williamsburg, Virginia. The book includes 40 articles that explore the history and conservation of a wide range of painted wooden objects, from polychrome sculpture and altarpieces to carousel horses, tobacconist figures, Native American totems, Victorian garden furniture, French cabinets, architectural elements, and horse-drawn carriages. Contributors include Ian C. Bristow, an architect and historic-building consultant in London; Myriam Serck-Dewaide, head of the Sculpture Workshop, Institut Royal du Patrimoine Artistique, Brussels; and Frances Gruber Safford, associate curator of American decorative arts at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. A broad range of professionals—including art historians, curators, scientists, and conservators—will be interested in this volume and in the multidisciplinary nature of its articles.

Token focuses on English linguistics in a broad sense, taking in both diachronic and synchronic work, grammatical as well as lexical studies. That being said, the journal favors empirical research. All submissions are double-blind peer reviewed. Token is the original medium of publication for all articles that the journal prints.