Cryopreservation Of Fish Gametes

Understanding the reproductive physiology and endocrinology of fishes is essential for captive maturation and seed production in the field of aquaculture. Studying the spermatology of fishes is a comparatively new focus in aquaculture, which has emerged as an important area of fish research over the past two decades. In this regard, the cryopreservation of fish gametes is a crucial aspect. Moreover, energetics studies of gametes have become essential, considering the loss of vigour in the spermatozoa after cryopreservation.The latest development in this context is the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cell, which is also covered in the book, along with detailed information on embryo cryopreservation in fishes and crustaceans. The role of cryopreservation in conservation programmes is another important aspect, one that will especially interest biologists.This book addresses central issues in fish gamete cryopreservation and breeding, while also reviewing the history of cryopreservation. Its most unique feature is the breadth of its coverage, from basic information on reproduction in fishes, to such advanced topics as embryo cryopreservation. Chiefly intended as a handy troubleshooting guide, the book represents a valuable resource for research students in related fields.

Understanding the reproductive physiology and endocrinology of fishes is essential for captive maturation and seed production in the field of aquaculture. Studying the spermatology of fishes is a comparatively new focus in aquaculture, which has emerged as an important area of fish research over the past two decades. In this regard, the cryopreservation of fish gametes is a crucial aspect. Moreover, energetics studies of gametes have become essential, considering the loss of vigour in the spermatozoa after cryopreservation. The latest development in this context is the cryopreservation of spermatogonial stem cell, which is also covered in the book, along with detailed information on embryo cryopreservation in fishes and crustaceans. The role of cryopreservation in conservation programmes is another important aspect, one that will especially interest biologists. This book addresses central issues in fish gamete cryopreservation and breeding, while also reviewing the history of cryopreservation. Its most unique feature is the breadth of its coverage, from basic information on reproduction in fishes, to such advanced topics as embryo cryopreservation. Chiefly intended as a handy troubleshooting guide, the book represents a valuable resource for research students in related fields.

Cryopreservation is a science that can be learnt only through practice. This Manual is an attempt to educate the learners and readers of this topic to acquire guidance and directions to do cryopreservation with fewer chances for failure. Aspects like fish spermatozoa evaluation and protocol for freezing are dealt in elaborate in order to explicitly educate the researchers, students and scientists. Deviating from the normal frame of text book and providing theoretical explanation, attempts have been made to guide the readers in practical aspects of cryopreservation and artificial fertilization of fish gametes. This manual is an outcome of practical research done in the collection, evaluation and cryopreservation of milt. The problems that are normally encountered in such work are also hinted at appropriate places. The suggested readings at the end of the manual can be additional information to the readers. Although every effort is made to provide the best in class manual to help all working in this line, the readers are encouraged to refer further research publications and expand their knowledge.

"Cryopreservation is a powerful tool for the long term storage of genetic material from endangered species. While mammalian gametes have long been freezable, eggs and embryos from fish have yet to be successfully frozen. Furthermore, protocols for freezing fish sperm have low success rates. In an effort to overcome the limitations in gamete manipulation currently impeding successful fish gamete cryopreservation, I outline two experiment using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for freshwater fish species. First, I attempted to extend working time in both eggs and sperm by incubating the gametes in rainbow trout oviductal fluid (RTOF), RTOF + HEPES, or RTOF under a blood-gas atmosphere. Incubation in RTOF under a blood gas atmosphere significantly extended viability in both gametes to 24 hours. Second, I attempted to minimize the number of sperm necessary to fertilize a single egg by reducing the volume in which the eggs were fertilized and by comparing the traditional fertilization system to a novel inverted drop technique. There were no differences between fertilization rates with sperm concentrations ranging from 1575 to 4 sperm/[micro]L . Furthermore, the inverted drop technique improved overall fertilization. Both increased gamete manipulation time and reduced sperm waste have the potential to improve cryopreservation success in fish gametes"--P. v.

In this chapter the benefits of short- to long-term storage of genetic material from aquatic species in liquid nitrogen are introduced. The biophysical and chemical challenges that arise during freeze-thawing are presented from the perspective of the large degree of structural and biological diversity found in fish, mollusc and crustacean gametes. Sperm cryopreservation procedures and the challenges raised by cryopreservation of oocytes and embryos or larvae are then discussed with a special focus on the importance of the genetic integrity of the thawed cells. Alternatives to the cryobanking of gametes and embryos rely on the cryopreservation of cells of somatic, embryonic and germinal origin. The challenges posed by the use of such cells to reconstruct fish are then described.

In this 1991 book, Professor Jamieson masterfully brings together the literature on fish spermatozoa and voluminous work on the evolutionary history of fishes to provide a detailed synthesis of the two fields of fish spermatology and fish systematics. The author begins by considering invertebrate phyla related to the chordates, and goes through the lower chordates and early fishes to the line leading to amphibians and to highest teleosts. His treatment provides a review of fish systematics based on the classical evidence of gross morphology in a cladistic framework and a critical integration of this with information on the degree to which spermatozoa support of conflict with the various hypotheses of relationship. Additionally, Professor Jamieson is joined by Luke K. -P. Leung to give a review of the principles of biological cryopreservation and of the live preservation of fish gametes.

The successful reproduction of cultured brood stock is essential to the sustainable aquaculture of aquatic organisms. This book describes recent advances in the field of finfish reproductive biotechnology. The chapters in this volume are written by eminent scientists who review the progress and assess the status of biotechnology research that is applicable to the reproduction of finfish species for aquaculture. A wide range of topics is included starting with broodstock technologies such as broodstock genetics, broodstock nutrition, environmental control of maturation and impacts of stress on broodstock, gametes and progeny. The volume includes technologies for induction of ovulation and spermiation using synthetic hypothalamic peptides. Gamete technologies which are described include cryopreservation, chromosome set manipulation, disease prevention and control for gametes and embryos and the development of transgenic fish with enhanced production characteristics. Genetic and endocrine technologies for the production of monosex male and female fish stocks are also described. The closing chapter summarizes the discussion of each topic at the workshop, provides recommendations to industry and describes priorities of research and development. Researchers as well as teaching faculty in the aquaculture field will find this volume of great value.