Criminal And Civil Enforcement Of Environmental Laws

As part of its mission to protect human health and the environment, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) enforcement office maintains civil and criminal enforcement programs to help enforce the requirements of major federal environmental laws such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act. EPA's civil and criminal enforcement programs work with the Department of Justice (DOJ), and in some cases States, to take legal actions to bring polluters into compliance with federal laws. While civil enforcement actions require polluters to pay penalties and take other corrective actions, criminal enforcement actions may also include imprisonment. EPA estimates that these efforts achieved commitments to reduce 3.9 billion pounds of pollutants in the environment, primarily from air and water. EPA also assessed more than $195 million in civil and criminal fines and restitution during FY2008. Nevertheless, non-compliance with federal pollution control laws remains a continuing concern. This book focuses on the EPA's vow to pursue civil and criminal violations of environmental laws. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

The Environmental Enforcement: Civil and Criminal law book explains the potential legal consequences of enforcement actions and discusses procedures to follow to minimize exposure.

Criminal and civil enforcement of environmental laws : do we have all the tools we need? : hearing before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, July 30, 2002.

Contents: (1) Intro.; Federal and State Government Interaction; (2) Statutory Framework for Enforcement of Pollution Control Laws and Key Players: Key Players in Environ. Enforcement and Compliance: EPA; U.S. Dept. of Justice; Other Federal Agencies; States and ¿Delegated Authority¿; Citizens; (3) Enforcement at Federal Facilities: Enforcement Response and Compliance Tools; Monitoring, Inspections, and Evaluations; Civil Admin. Actions; Civil and Criminal Judicial Enforcement; Sanctions and Penalties: Penalties Assessed to Federal Facilities; Environ. Justice and Enforcement/Compliance (E/C); Compliance Assistance and Incentive Approaches; (4) Funding for E/C Activities. Examples of Reported Enforcement Actions and Penalties Over Time. Illus. and tables.

After defining environmental crime and discussing the extent of the environmental crisis, this book explores the causes, investigation, prosecution and prevention of all types of environmental crime.

This provides not only a summary of the criminal prosecution of environmental law in the various countries, but also addresses differences and similarities in practice with respect to environmental criminal law. A critical analysis of the answers is also provided."--Jacket.

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In this definitive work for protecting your client, nine highly credentialed environmental defense experts give you a career's worth of judgment and insight into: -- environmental crimes -- what constitutes liability -- government investigations -- from start to finish -- statutory issues -- in RCRA, CWA, CAA, wetlands, and all other environmental law regimes -- consequences and sentencing -- civil and criminal

Environmental Crime: Pollution and Wildlife Enforcement is a complete introduction to some of the newest and most complex criminal statutes within the federal penal system. Regardless of whether a student has any background in environmental law or the federal criminal process, he/she will learn of the policy origins of environmental criminal enforcement, the centrality of prosecutorial discretion, federal criminal standards and procedure, and the most important pollution and wildlife crimes within the United States Code. Coverage includes the Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, RCRA, CERLA, FIFRA, the Lacey Act, the Endangered Species Act and its enforcement of CITES, the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, animal fighting statutes, and other commonly used conventional statutes in criminal prosecutions. Professors and students will benefit from: Robust analysis of major pollution laws, their history, and why and how they are criminally enforced Broad examination of criminal laws governing wildlife protection and trafficking The role of international, state, and tribal laws in federal environmental enforcement Cutting-edge cases and case notes Numerous hypothetical case examples that link general federal criminal principles with environmental law A level playing field for students regardless of prior exposure to pollution and wildlife laws or criminal processes Interdisciplinary approach to the use of science in proving heightened burden of criminal environmental enforcement