Cossack Rebellions

The Ukrainian Cossacks were a complex and tenacious group, influential far beyond their numbers. This book offers an admiring, critical, and close examination of the unique cossack phenomenon. It reveals the sources of their surprising power by looking at them in action, in their sixteenth-century uprisings. The interpretation is organized around three themes, offering resolutions of three apparent contradictions in cossack activity: first, how the cossacks could act simultaneously as individualist mercenaries and yet also lead a collective, class-conscious social rebellion; second, how they could be simultaneously traditionalist and yet also provide leadership for the developing modern Ukrainian nationalism; and third, how the cossacks could be simultaneously unique, quintessentially Ukrainian, and yet form a part of a worldwide response to economic transformations that drew Eastern Europe into a position as exploited agricultural provider for Western Europe.

The Ukrainian Cossacks were a complex and tenacious group, influential far beyond their numbers. This book offers an admiring, critical, and close examination of the unique cossack phenomenon. It reveals the sources of their surprising power by looking at them in action, in their sixteenth-century uprisings. The interpretation is organized around three themes, offering resolutions of three apparent contradictions in cossack activity: first, how the cossacks could act simultaneously as individualist mercenaries and yet also lead a collective, class-conscious social rebellion; second, how they could be simultaneously traditionalist and yet also provide leadership for the developing modern Ukrainian nationalism; and third, how the cossacks could be simultaneously unique, quintessentially Ukrainian, and yet form a part of a worldwide response to economic transformations that drew Eastern Europe into a position as exploited agricultural provider for Western Europe.

In the middle of the seventeenth century, Bohdan Khmelnytsky was the legendary Cossack general who organized a rebellion that liberated the Eastern Ukraine from Polish rule. Consequently, he has been memorialized in the Ukraine as a God-given nation builder, cut in the model of George Washington. But in this campaign, the massacre of thousands of Jews perceived as Polish intermediaries was the collateral damage, and in order to secure the tentative independence, Khmelnytsky signed a treaty with Moscow, ultimately ceding the territory to the Russian tsar. So, was he a liberator or a villain? This volume examines drastically different narratives, from Ukrainian, Jewish, Russian, and Polish literature, that have sought to animate, deify, and vilify the seventeenth-century Cossack. Khmelnytsky's legacy, either as nation builder or as antagonist, has inhibited inter-ethnic and political rapprochement at key moments throughout history and, as we see in recent conflicts, continues to affect Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, and Russian national identity.

Using a wide range sources, this book explores the ways in which the Russians governed their empire in Siberia from 1598 to 1725. Paying particular attention to the role of the Siberian Cossaks, the author takes a thorough assessment of how the institutions of imperial government functioned in seventeenth century Russia. It raises important questions concerning the nature of the Russian autocracy in the early modern period, investigating the neglected relations of a vital part of the Empire with the metropolitan centre, and examines how the Russian authorities were able to control such a vast and distant frontier given the limited means at its disposal. It argues that despite this great physical distance, the representations of the Tsar’s rule in the symbols, texts and gestures that permeated Siberian institutions were close at hand, thus allowing the promotion of political stability and favourable terms of trade. Investigating the role of the Siberian Cossacks, the book explains how the institutions of empire facilitated their position as traders via the sharing of cultural practices, attitudes and expectations of behaviour across large distances among the members of organisations or personal networks.

The Cossacks have always exerted a strong pull on the imagination, whether as the ferocious horsemen who harassed the retreating Grande Armee of Napoleon all the way to the gates of Paris, or as the fiercely independent renegades who made several bloody attempts at rebellion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and were responsible for various atrocities continuing into the twentieth century. This splendidly-illustrated volume tells the tale of these great warriors, which is itself woven inextricably through the history of the Russian and Soviet empires. Career diplomat and critically-acclaimed travel writer John Ure traces the story of the Cossacks from the times of Ivan the Terrible, who first employed the horsemen of the Don to repel Tartar and Turkish invaders. From this point in history, the Tsars of Russia counted on the service, if not always the loyalty, of the Cossacks. After the period of Cossack rebellions, led successively by Bogdan, Stenka Razin, Mazeppa, and Pugachev, the Tsars once again harnessed the Cossacks for their own purposes, using them in the front lines in the wars against Napoleon and in the Caucasus, and later to suppress the fomenting revolution. Brutally repressed during the Stalin era, the Cossacks have experienced a resurgence in the post-Communist era. In the early- and mid-nineties. Cossack units were re-established in the Russian Army, and some Cossacks saw action in Bosnia and Chechmya. Once again, they are reclaiming their role in history as a force in both the political and military spheres. John Ure also traces the influence of the Cossacks on Russian culture: writers such as Tolstoy (who served in a Cossack regiment in the Caucasus). Pushkin. Lermontov, and Pasternak all romanticized the Cossacks in print. Featured in this volume in full-color are a glorious and broad selection of paintings, lithographs, and photographs that document this fascinating history. The Cossacks emerge from this narrative in all their brilliant glory -- dashing and cruel, unpredictable and immensely brave. Book jacket.

George Nafziger translates a classic account of Bohdan Khmelnytsky's revolt in the Hetmanate from 1648 to 1651

The year is 1648 and the most powerful empire in Eastern Europe, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, is in turmoil. Cossacks revolt and defeat one Polish army after the other. Serfs attack and kill their Jewish landlords; death and destruction sweep the land. A once peaceful and prosperous society is turned upside down.In the midst of this turmoil, meet a young Cossack, Ivan Dosiak, known as the Red Wolf.Ride with Ivan and smell the blood, smoke, and gunpowder; hear the cries and screams of wounded and dying men and horses as Ivan and the Cossacks blast and hack their way through the ranks of the famous Polish Winged Hussars.Travel with Red Wolf as he leads his Cossack brothers on one of history's greatest sea raids against the Tatar slave-trading stronghold of Caffa. In Caffa, the Cossacks battle Tatar warriors, destroy the city, and free 20,000 Christian slaves.Be with Ivan as he and the Cossacks wipe out a Polish army at the battle of Yellow Waters and then defeat an even larger army at the battle of Korsum to mark the beginning of the end of the Polish empire. See Ivan Dosiak and the whole Cossack army triumphantly enter Kiev on Christmas Day, 1648, to herald the birth of a new nation, Ukraine.The Sword of Retribution rivals Nikolai Gogol's, "Taras Bulba," and Henryk Sienkiewicz's, "With Fire and Sword." Using new scholarly research on 17th century Poland, the author paints a realistic picture of the tyranny of the Polish nobility, the greed of the Jewish Arendators, the misery of the serf, and the fierce determination of the Ukrainian Cossacks.

The Ukrainian Cossacks, often compared in historical literature to the pirates of the Mediterranean and the frontiersmen of the American West, constituted one of the largest Cossack hosts in the European steppe borderland. They became famous as ferocious warriors, their fighting skills developed in their religious wars against the Tartars, Turks, Poles, and Russians. By and large the Cossacks were Orthodox Christians, and quite early in their history they adopted a religious ideology in their struggle against those of other faiths. Their acceptance of the Muscovite protectorate in 1654 was also influenced by their religious ideas. In this pioneering study, Serhii Plokhy examines the confessionalization of religious life in the early modern period, and shows how Cossack involvment in the religious struggle between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicisim helped shape not only Ukrainian but also Russian and Polish cultural identities.

The downfall of tsarism in 1917 left the peoples of Russia facing an uncertain future. Nowhere were those anxieties felt more than among the Cossacks. The steppe horsemen had famously guarded the empire's frontiers, stampeded demonstrators in its cities, suppressed peasant revolts in the countryside and served as bodyguards to its rulers. Their way of life, intricately bound to the old order, seemed imperiled by the revolution and especially by the Bolshevik seizure of power. Many Cossacks took up arms against the Soviet regime, providing the anticommunist cause with some of its best warriors--as well as its most notorious bandits. This book chronicles their decades-long campaign against the Bolsheviks, from the tumultuous days of the Russian Civil War through the doldrums of foreign exile and finally to their fateful collaboration with the Third Reich.