Corruption The Challenge Of Human Development

This study is, to the authors knowledge, the fi rst empirical cross-country analysis of the relationship between corruption and human development (HD) in Africa. In most African countries the current state of HD is critically poor. In spite of two decades of democratization and substantial economic growth or stability corruption has become endemic and tends to adversely affect HD conditions and needs. Using a pooledcross- section-across time-design and a sample of 40 African countries over many years (2003 2007) and based on an OLS Analysis, this study attempts an empirical examination of the association between corruption and HD in Africa, while holding constant economic growth, government socioeconomic or welfare expenditures and political system and, controlling for some major internal and external economic variables. As found, corruption adversely affects human development in Africa. Overall, based on the main study model (Model 1) a unit increase in the corruption level (CPI) on a scale of 1 to 10 will cause a .48 percent decrease in the state of HD (HDI).The relationship between corruption and HD is however non-linear: using Model 3 which incorporate a square term of corruption, it was found that at and below 4.577 RCPI (i.e. 5.42 normal CPI) corruptions is likely to positively affect HD whereas at and above 4.577 RCPI corruption rather tends to adversely affect HD with an increasing return. Besides, it was also found, using Model 2 which incorporates an interaction term of corruption and political system, that democratization has deceived scientists theoretical projections and peoples political expectations of the 1990s. Democracy has not improved HD in Africa. Both non-and partly democratic (i.e., authoritarian) and democratic political systems adversely affect HD. The adverse impact of corruption on HD is even worse in the latter systems. After checking for the main effect (Model 2) it appears that, as corruption increases by one unit, HD decreases by 9.48 percent in African countries with authoritarian systems. In contrast , the same one unit increase in corruption will have an additional 5.23 percent decrease in the HD of African countries with a democratic system. This study brings new insights about public policies ineffectiveness and failures to satisfy increasing HD needs in Africa. It throws new lights on the relationship existing between economic growth, democracy and corruption and HD. It suggests some policy reforms which could improve the state of HD in Africa. Overall, it is an important contribution to the theoretical and empirical body of administrative theory and knowledge.

This book focuses on and analyses the multi-layered, multi-faceted, complex and complicated corruption phenomenon that undermines inter alia democracy, government, governance, development, rule of law, and accountability; how it harms a country’s reputation, deters trade and investment; distorts markets and the performance of economies and has negative effects on the environment for the present and the future generation while detailing the profound consequences for society, especially the poor and marginalised, by violating trust, human rights and increasing inequality. Corruption and poverty have become endemic evils in Africa and there is no blueprint solution for them, given the varying situations and conditions across the continent. This book proposes a holistic, all-inclusive, and multi-thronged approach to the corruption and poverty epidemic targeting Africa. This collection of chapters will be of interest to students and academics alike.

In global development, corruption entangles many societies, most observably in the vulnerable fabric of developing nations. Examining Corruption and the Sustainable Development Goals unravels the layers of this persistent challenge, meticulously examining its pervasive influence on pursuing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This book ventures into the heart of corruption's impacts, spanning economic, social, political, and environmental dimensions. Corruption, manifesting in insidious forms such as bribery, embezzlement, and nepotism, casts a daunting shadow over the integrity of public institutions, eroding public trust crucial for sustainable development initiatives. This book explores case studies, robust theoretical frameworks, and insightful policy perspectives. It is tailored for an audience within the academic research community, scholars, researchers, policymakers, and development practitioners thirsty for an understanding of the complex interplay between corruption and sustainable development in the developing world.

In 2015, building on the advances of the Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals that include an explicit commitment to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. However, enormous gaps remain between what is achievable in human health and where global health stands today, and progress has been both incomplete and unevenly distributed. In order to meet this goal, a deliberate and comprehensive effort is needed to improve the quality of health care services globally. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm: Improving Health Care Worldwide focuses on one particular shortfall in health care affecting global populations: defects in the quality of care. This study reviews the available evidence on the quality of care worldwide and makes recommendations to improve health care quality globally while expanding access to preventive and therapeutic services, with a focus in low-resource areas. Crossing the Global Quality Chasm emphasizes the organization and delivery of safe and effective care at the patient/provider interface. This study explores issues of access to services and commodities, effectiveness, safety, efficiency, and equity. Focusing on front line service delivery that can directly impact health outcomes for individuals and populations, this book will be an essential guide for key stakeholders, governments, donors, health systems, and others involved in health care.

The problem of corruption is of central significance for the developmental prospects of poor countries. Corruption undermines development by siphoning off resources for infrastructures and public services and by weakening the legitimacy of the state. The volume will appeal to academics and policy-makers concerned with problems of governance and public management in developing countries, as well as specialists working on corruption and designing anti-corruption strategies.

Seeks to show how corruption and human development are inextricably linked and demonstrates the effect it has on the everyday lives of people, especially the poor, in countries in Asia and the Pacific.

Everyday the community is being stunned as reports of irregular partices compete for press headlines. The impression is that bribary and corruption, is one form or another in both extensive and increasing; although systematic statistics in this area are rare for obvious reasons. What is corruption? This list of possibilities is extensive. It starts with the outright bribary of government officials and the more ambiguous question of political contributions; then there are a whole range of activities that could be considered to some degree corrupt covering such things as the misuse of company assets for political favours, kickbacks and production money for the police, payola to disc jockeys, sympathetic features articles in return for advertising revenue, free revenue, free junkets for MP s and journalists, secret, price-fixing agreement, obtaining parts in films for reasons not wholly related to acting ability, insider dealing of various kinds, as well as improper use of the old boy network. All these forms of behaviour have one thing in common. They are attempts to influence the outcome of a decision where the nature of that influence is not made public. Essentially the practices are nothing more or less than the abuse of power. There are several reasons for this spread of corrupt practices. First the concentration of power in larger and larger units; particularly when combined with rapid growth where the channels of accountability are underdeveloped. It is also widespread in mature Societies where highly developed networks attempt to preserve the status-quo and further their vested interests.