Competitive Electricity Prices Markets And Generator Entry And Exit

The challenges facing participants in competitive electricity markets are staggering: high price volatility introduces significant financial risk into an industry accustomed to guaranteed rates of return, while illiquid forward markets prevent effective hedging strategies from being implemented. Valuation, Hedging and Speculation in Competitive Electricity Markets: A Fundamental Approach , examines the unique properties which separate electricity from other traded commodities, including the lack of economical storage, and the impact of a scarce transmission network. The authors trace the sources of uncertainties in the price of electricity to underlying physical and economic processes, and incorporate these into a bid-based model for electricity spot and forward prices. They also illustrate how insufficient market data can be circumvented by using a combination of price and load data in the marking- to-market process. The model is applied to three classes of problems central to the operation of any electric utility or power marketer; valuing generation assets, formulating dynamic hedging strategies for load serving obligations, and pricing transmission contracts and locational spread options. Emphasis is placed on the difference between trades which can be 'booked out' in the forward markets, and those which must be carried through to delivery. Lately, significant attention has been given to the role of regulators in mitigating excessive price levels in electricity markets. The authors conduct a quantitative analysis of the long-term effects of regulatory intervention through the use of price caps. By modeling the dynamic interplay between the observed price levels and the decision to invest in new generation assets, it is shown how such short term fixes can lead to long term deficits in the available generation capacity, and ultimately to market failures and blackouts.

The objective of this thesis is to answer to three questions raised by the wave of reform in electricity industries: has retail liberalization achieved its objectives in European Union? How traditional and renewable generators compete in a liberalized market? What is the impact on congestion and zonal price differences of increased production from renewable intermittent sources in Italy? The first chapter provides a mid-term evaluation of liberalization of electricity retailing in Europe. We propose a comprehensive theory on retail liberalization and test its consistency with the practice in European Union. The analysis highlights the presence of an oligopolistic supply structure, a limited level of customer engagement in the market and asymmetries in the rate and speed of cost-pass through. The attribution of the Default/Last Resort service through an auction mechanism seems the best solution to favor the development of competition. In the second chapter we study the strategic interactions between a traditional generation technology and a renewable one characterized by an intermittent availability of capacity. We employ a modified version of the Dixit model for entry deterrence with two post entry competition settings: the Cournot framework in a two stage game and the dominant firm-competitive fringe setting in a three stage game. In both cases, the analysis suggests that the renewable generator exploits the merit order rule to crowd out the production of its rival. In the third chapter we analyze the impact of renewable generation on congestion and zonal price differences in Italy. Using a unique database we estimate two econometric models on five zonal pairings: a multinomial logit model for the occurrence and direction of congestion and an OLS model for the size of paired-price differences. The analysis shows that in an importing region the effect of a larger local renewable supply is to decrease (increase) the probability of congestion in entry (exit). Increasing renewable generation seems to have a significant impact on the islander zones, decreasing (increasing) the level of positive (negative) price differences.

Discusses the events that led to current initiatives to restructure the electric power industry, and the institutional and structural changes that will be required to support the competitive pricing of electricity. Describes the analysis assumptions and methodology. Compares electricity prices under regulation and prices under competition. Discusses the sensitivities of the results to key parameters in the analysis cases. Analyzes the cash flow implications of the new competitive prices for utilities. Extensive charts, tables and graphs.

Electricity markets are being deregulated or face new regulatory frameworks. In such changing markets, new pricing strategies will need to consider such factors as cost, value of service and pricing by objective. Pricing in Competitive Electricity Markets introduces a new family of pricing concepts, methodologies, models, tools and databases focused on market-based pricing. This book reviews important theoretical pricing issues as well as practical pricing applications for changing electricity markets.

After 2 decades, policymakers and regulators agree that electricity market reform, liberalization and privatization remains partly art. Moreover, the international experience suggests that in nearly all cases, initial market reform leads to unintended consequences or introduces new risks, which must be addressed in subsequent “reform of the reforms. Competitive Electricity Markets describes the evolution of the market reform process including a number of challenging issues such as infrastructure investment, resource adequacy, capacity and demand participation, market power, distributed generation, renewable energy and global climate change. Sequel to Electricity Market Reform: An International Perspective in the same series published in 2006 Contributions from renowned scholars and practitioners on significant electricity market design and implementation issues Covers timely topics on the evolution of electricity market liberalization worldwide

Critique of the US Electricity Industry. Analysis of derailed industry deregulation initiatives. Sketches a new, competitively structured Energy Policy Template.

It is now almost twenty years since liberalisation and the introduction of competition was proposed for electricity utilities. Some form of restructuring has been widely adopted around the world to suit local objectives. The industry now faces new challenges associated with global warming, rising prices and escalating energy demand from developing countries like China and India. The industry will have to cope with; managing emissions; managing variable energy sources like wind, dev eloping clean coal technology; accommodating distributed generation and new nuclear stations and managing the impact of these developments on the distribution and transmission networks. It is now necessary to consider how the various market structures that were adopted have performed and how they will address some of these new issues and what further changes might be necessary. This volume presents an all-inclusive analysis of the electricity market structures that have been adopted around the world and how they are performing. It provides an up-to-date analysis of the cost of competing technologies, the operation of energy and ancillary service markets and the impact of renewable sources and emission restrictions. It takes a forward look at likely future developments necessary to cope with the new emerging issues. Part One introduces industry infrastructure, analysing state utilities, the motives behind liberalisation and the resulting structures. Part Two considers generation costs, including renewable generation costs, and investigates the cost of restricting emissions as well as transmission and distribution costs. Part Three discusses market operation, describing how costs affect the organisation of power generation. It covers trading arrangements, ancillary services, international trading and investment. Part Four looks to future markets and technological developments that will shape the industry through the next twenty years. This includes the appraisal of investment opportunities for global power companies and implications for market performance. Written by an internationally renowned consultant engineer, this book is full of expert insight and balances fundamental methodology and academic theory with practical information and diverse worked examples. This is an excellent reference on the topic for power system engineers, regulators, banks, investors, and government energy agencies. With its many worked examples, it is also a brilliant tutorial accessible for postgraduates and senior undergraduates in electrical and power engineering.