Cognition And Conditionals
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Author | : Mike Oaksford |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 420 |
Release | : 2010 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 0199233292 |
Download Cognition and Conditionals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning.
Author | : Chi-Hé Elder |
Publisher | : Springer |
Total Pages | : 279 |
Release | : 2019-06-24 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 3030137996 |
Download Context, Cognition and Conditionals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This book proposes a semantic theory of conditionals that can account for (i) the variability in usages that conditional sentences can be put; and (ii) both conditional sentences of the form ‘if p, q’ and those conditional thoughts that are expressed without using ‘if’. It presents theoretical arguments as well as empirical evidence from English and other languages in support of the thesis that an adequate study of conditionals has to go beyond an analysis of specific sentence forms or lexical items. The resulting perspective on conditionals is one in which conditionality is located at a higher level than that of the sentence; namely, at the level of thought. The author argues that it is only through adopting such a perspective, and with it, a commitment to context-dependent semantics, that we can successfully represent conditional utterances as they are used and understood by ordinary language users. It will be of interest to students and scholars working on the semantics of conditionals in the fields of linguistics (especially semantics and pragmatics) and philosophy of language.
Author | : Raymond Nickerson |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 473 |
Release | : 2015-06-12 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 0190203013 |
Download Conditional Reasoning Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort If A (Antecedent) then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects. Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved? This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.
Author | : Peter Cathcart Wason |
Publisher | : Harvard University Press |
Total Pages | : 280 |
Release | : 1972 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9780674721272 |
Download Psychology of Reasoning Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
At the core of the "Psychology of Reasoning" is a vigorous discussion that incorporates various illustrations--some of them humorous, all of them fascinating--of the use of reason under a wide variety of different conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in dealing with negatively marked information that must be combined and used with other information for reaching conclusions. Thorough treatment is given as well to the search for plausible contexts that will render anomalous or ambiguous statements "sensible."
Author | : Shira Elqayam |
Publisher | : Routledge |
Total Pages | : 264 |
Release | : 2020-06-10 |
Genre | : Psychology |
ISBN | : 135162041X |
Download Logic and Uncertainty in the Human Mind Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
David E. Over is a leading cognitive scientist and, with his firm grounding in philosophical logic, he also exerts a powerful influence on the psychology of reasoning. He is responsible for not only a large body of empirical work and accompanying theory, but for advancing a major shift in thinking about reasoning, commonly known as the ‘new paradigm’ in the psychology of human reasoning. Over’s signature mix of philosophical logic and experimental psychology has inspired generations of researchers, psychologists, and philosophers alike over more than a quarter of a century. The chapters in this volume, written by a leading group of contributors including a number who helped shape the psychology of reasoning as we know it today, each take their starting point from the key themes of Over’s ground-breaking work. The essays in this collection explore a wide range of central topics—such as rationality, bias, dual processes, and dual systems—as well as contemporary psychological and philosophical theories of conditionals. It concludes with an engaging new chapter, authored by David E. Over himself, which details and analyses the new paradigm psychology of reasoning. This book is therefore important reading for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in psychology, philosophy, and the cognitive sciences, including those who are not familiar with Over’s thought already.
Author | : Timothy Williamson |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2020 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 0198860668 |
Download Suppose and Tell Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
What does 'if' mean? Timothy Williamson presents a controversial new approach to understanding conditional thinking, which is central to human cognitive life. He argues that in using 'if' we rely on psychological heuristics, fast and frugal methods which can lead us to trust faulty data and prematurely reject simple theories.
Author | : Timothy Williamson |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 287 |
Release | : 2020-07-02 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 0192604775 |
Download Suppose and Tell Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
What does 'if' mean? It is one of the most commonly used words in the English language, in itself a sign to the importance of conditional thinking to human cognitive life. We make conditional statements, ask conditional questions, and issue conditional orders. We need to think and talk conditionally for many purposes, from everyday decision-making to mathematical proof. Yet the meaning of conditionals has been debated for thousands of years. Suppose and Tell brings together ideas from philosophy, linguistics, and psychology to present a controversial new approach to understanding conditionals. It argues that in using 'if' we rely on psychological heuristics, methods which are fast and frugal and mostly, but not always, reliable. As a result philosophers and linguists have been led astray in theorizing about conditionals through trusting faulty data generated by such methods and prematurely rejecting simple theories on the basis of merely apparent counterexamples. Williamson shows how one such simple theory of conditionals can explain the data, and draws wider implications for the nature of meaning and its non-transparency to native speakers, vagueness in thought and language, and the need for semantics to attend to the unreliable heuristics underlying our judgments.
Author | : Igor Douven |
Publisher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 233 |
Release | : 2016 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 1107111455 |
Download The Epistemology of Indicative Conditionals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
Addresses central questions concerning conditionals by combining the methods of formal epistemology with those of cognitive psychology.
Author | : Stefan Kaufmann |
Publisher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 513 |
Release | : 2023-04-29 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 3031056825 |
Download Conditionals Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
This edited book examines conditionals from a number of interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on research from fields as diverse as linguistics, psychology, philosophy and logic. Across 13 chapters, the authors not only investigate and examine various commonly-held perceptions about conditionals, but they also challenge many of the assumptions underpinning current conditionals scholarship, setting an agenda for future research. Based in part on the papers presented at a unique international summer school - Conditionals in Paris - this volume represents the cutting edge in the study of conditionals, and it will be of interest to scholars in fields including linguistics and psychology, semiotics, philosophy and logic, and artificial intelligence.
Author | : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans |
Publisher | : Oxford University Press, USA |
Total Pages | : 206 |
Release | : 2004 |
Genre | : Mathematics |
ISBN | : 9780198525134 |
Download If Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
'If' is one of the most important words in the English language, being used to express hypothetical thought. The use of conditionals such as 'if' distinguishes human intelligence from that of other animals. In this volume, the authors present a theoretical approach to understanding conditionals.