Cogeneration Technology

This book presents a comprehensive, integrated treatment of cogeneration technologies and systems. Also called combined heat and power (CHP), cogeneration is the use of a power station to deliver two or more useful forms of energy (e.g. generating electricity and heat at the same time). All conventional, fuel-based plants generate heat as by-product, which is often wasted. Cogeneration captures part of this heat for delivery to consumers. The book gives a tour of the available cogeneration technologies and their features. It provides plenty of instructive examples of cogeneration projects to illustrate key concepts, and also covers the relevant regulatory and legal frameworks. It is an ideal text/reference for anyone working in power systems and energy engineering. Topics covered include: * Benefits of cogeneration * Cogeneration technologies * Electrical engineering aspects * Applications of cogeneration * Fuels for cogeneration systems * Thermodynamic analysis * Environmental impacts of cogeneration * Reliability and availability * Economic analysis of cogeneration systems * Regulatory and legal frameworks * Selection, integration and operation of cogeneration systems * Simulation and optimisation * Synthesis, design and operation * Examples of cogeneration projects * Research and development of cogeneration * Summary and conclusions

Although conventional cogeneration systems have been used successfully in the last two decades, most of them have been large units using mainly hydrocarbon fuels that are becoming increasingly expensive. New cogeneration systems based on fuel cells and sorption air conditioning systems promise to be an energy-saving alternative for situations when cooling, heating and power are needed at low and medium capacities. Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems examines the thermodynamic principles of fuel cell performance and sorption air conditioning systems, and gives relevant information about the state of the art of these technologies. It also provides the reader with the theoretical bases and knowledge needed to understand the operation of these new cogeneration systems, as well as discussing the design basis and economical evaluation. Topics covered include: • selected fuel cells for cogeneration CHP processes; • state-of-the-art sorption refrigeration systems; • potential applications in demonstration projects; and • profitability assessment of the cogeneration system. Air conditioning and fuel cell engineers; postgraduates and researchers in energy fields; and designers of cooling, heating and power cogeneration systems will find Cogeneration Fuel Cell-Sorption Air Conditioning Systems a useful and informative reference.

Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems are a form of cogeneration technology suitable for domestic and community buildings, commercial establishments and industrial facilities, as well as local heat networks. One of the benefits of using cogeneration plant is a vastly improved energy efficiency: in some cases achieving up to 80–90% systems efficiency, whereas small-scale electricity production is typically at well below 40% efficiency, using the same amount of fuel. This higher efficiency affords users greater energy security and increased long-term sustainability of energy resources, while lower overall emissions levels also contribute to an improved environmental performance. Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the technological and practical developments of small and micro CHP systems. Part one opens with reviews of small and micro CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment, as well as their integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels. Part two focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines, gas turbines and microturbines, Stirling engines, organic Rankine cycle process and fuel cell systems. Heat-activated cooling (i.e. trigeneration) technologies and energy storage systems, of importance to the regional/seasonal viability of this technology round out this section. Finally, part three covers the range of applications of small and micro CHP systems, from residential buildings and district heating, to commercial buildings and industrial applications, as well as reviewing the market deployment of this important technology. With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems is an essential reference work for anyone involved or interested in the design, development, installation and optimisation of small and micro CHP systems. Reviews small- and micro-CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment Explores integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels Focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines

The introduction of micro CHP – the simultaneous production of heat and power in a single building based on small energy conversion units such as Stirling and reciprocating engines or fuel cells – is of increasing political and public interest. This book introduces into micro CHP systems and technologies, and presents the results of the first such investigation carried out by four German research bodies.

If there are two phrases we have come to know very well, they are 'environmental awareness' and 'credit crunch'. The world is looking for ways to decrease the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere, without incurring major costs in doing so. By increasing efficiencies up to about 90 per cent using well-established and mature technologies, cogeneration represents the best option for short-term reductions in CO2 emission levels.

New federal and state laws providing tax credits and markets to independent producers of electricity have created widespread interest in the development of small, dispersed power plants using cogeneration processes, waste, or renewable resources. Recent legislation also promotes decentralized electricity production by allowing unregulated, non-util

Cogeneration and Polygeneration Systems explores the suite of state-of-the-art modeling, design, analysis and optimization procedures for creating and retooling optimally efficient combined heat and power (CHP) and polygeneration energy systems. The book adopts exergetic and thermoeconomic analysis and related modeling and simulation tools to inform performance and systems design in modern cogeneration plants. Chapters provide a methodical approach to the design, operation and troubleshooting of cogeneration systems when they are integrated with industrial processes. Cogeneration targets, environmental impacts, total site integration, and availability and reliability issues are addressed in-depth. Explores exergetic and exergoeconomic analysis for optimization purposes of CHP systems Addresses availability and reliability issues within cogeneration systems Reviews modern polygeneration systems based on renewable energy resources and fuel cells