Climate Change And Adaptation Planning For Ports

As key links in transportation and supply chains, the effect of climate change on seaports has broad implications for the development prospects of the global economy. However, the picture is very uncertain because the impacts of climate change will be felt very differently around the world, both positively and negatively. This book addresses the need for quality theoretical analysis, highly innovative assessment methodologies, and insightful empirical global experiences so as to identify the best international practices, planning and appropriate policies to effectively adapt to, develop resilience, and indeed benefit from, the impacts posed by climate change on transportation and supply chains. This book comprises of theories, methodologies and case studies from five continents (Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) addressing climate change and the adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures. With reputable contributors from academic, policymaking and professional sectors, it critically analyses the recent attempts by ports in establishing adaptation plans and strategies so to enhance ports and other transportation infrastructures’ resilience to the climate change risks. This is the first book of its kind to focus on climate change adaptation for ports. It offers useful and comprehensive guidance to senior policymakers, industrial practitioners and researchers who are eager to understand the dynamics between climate change, adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures.

With increasing awareness of the potential impacts posed by climate change, many ports and their surrounding regions have undertaken adaptation planning and proactive actions so as to build a resilient and sustained business. However, most of them are still at the embryonic stage in understanding the problem and find it very challenging regarding adaptation planning and implementation. This thesis addresses the current issue in adaptation to climate change impacts at ports, regions and supply chains through quantitative and qualitative analyses. A global survey is designed to investigate port decision-makers' perceptions and knowledge about climate change adaption. It explores the existing impacts posed by sea level rise (SLR), and high winds and storms, and demonstrates the potential impacts of adaptation measures. Analytical results suggest that, despite the forecast of more serious impacts posed by these climate change risks in the near future, port decision-makers still have strong doubts about the effectiveness of adaptation measures and planning. In-depth interviews in a case study on Port Metro Vancouver (Canada) are conducted to further investigate the barriers (especially institutional ones) that hinder the process of climate change adaptation, and thus calls attention for its regional efforts. Based on the literature review and analysis, this study argues that a paradigm shift in adaptation planning, notably from 'go it alone' to 'collaborative' approach involving all major port stakeholders, is urgently needed. The thesis also highlights the pivotal role of tailor-made adaptation methods in accordance with a specific climate change risk in the adaptation planning. Besides, two innovative, 'paradigm shift' recommendations are proposed to climate adaptation planning: (1) a method based on usage unit to allocate investment responsibility; and (2) the establishment of a neutral agency (e.g., a collaborative network) with the power to promote the adaptation process. In addition, a flexible combination of engagement in collaborative projects and individual efforts for ports is suggested so as to implement adaptation works.

It is well-known that climate change poses a severe risk to human activities and lives and the awareness is increasing rapidly since the beginning of the 21st century. Hitherto, existing research focuses on the importance of the effective development and implementation of climate change adaptation plans and strategies. As an essential transportation node of global supply chains, ports and their surrounding organizations or their stakeholders are vulnerable to the impacts posed by climate change, notably sea-level rise, and storm surge, that without appropriate measures can cause significant losses to the global economy. Thus, there is an urgent need for a better understanding of the attitudes of port stakeholders in climate adaptation strategies so as to facilitate the application of climate adaptation strategies. However, the attitude and perception of port stakeholders towards such plans and strategies remain unclear. This thesis addresses such deficiency by investigating 20 ports in China and interviewing nine Chinese port stakeholders. What it aims is to understand their attitude and perception of climate change adaptation plans and strategies and offer a better understanding of adaptation and mitigation strategies. During the investigation, we asked about the impediments and the impact of context, systems and some other factors on the implementation of adaptation strategies. The findings suggest that most of the port stakeholders, in general, aware of climate change impacts and agree that some measures are necessary. Nevertheless, inadequate knowledge and policy support remain major barriers for them to implement climate change adaptation plans and strategies effectively. Further, other factors affecting respondents' attitude are partly revealed. This study offers an overview of the attitude of port stakeholders in China toward adaptation strategies. In addition, it can be considered as a model for further study about the perception of other economic sectors toward the impacts posed by climate change and adaptation strategies.

As key links in transportation and supply chains, the effect of climate change on seaports has broad implications for the development prospects of the global economy. However, the picture is very uncertain because the impacts of climate change will be felt very differently around the world, both positively and negatively. This book addresses the need for quality theoretical analysis, highly innovative assessment methodologies, and insightful empirical global experiences so as to identify the best international practices, planning and appropriate policies to effectively adapt to, develop resilience, and indeed benefit from, the impacts posed by climate change on transportation and supply chains. This book comprises of theories, methodologies and case studies from five continents (Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Oceania) addressing climate change and the adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures. With reputable contributors from academic, policymaking and professional sectors, it critically analyses the recent attempts by ports in establishing adaptation plans and strategies so to enhance ports and other transportation infrastructures’ resilience to the climate change risks. This is the first book of its kind to focus on climate change adaptation for ports. It offers useful and comprehensive guidance to senior policymakers, industrial practitioners and researchers who are eager to understand the dynamics between climate change, adaptation planning of ports and transportation infrastructures.

Climate Change Adaptation for Transportation Systems examines the international state of knowledge on climate change and weather and their potential impacts on the planning, design and serviceability of transportation networks. The book describes alternative frameworks for adapting to climate change in the planning, provision and management of transportation systems. It discusses methods and models for including climate and weather factors in planning and design for use in transportation asset systems under risk and uncertainty. Giving specific attention to road, rail, ports and harbors, the book provides users with the tools they need in decision-making approaches where there is uncertainty. Examines the impact of climate change and extreme weather on the performance and serviceability of transportation assets Explores the issues, methods, frameworks, models and techniques for assessing transportation systems' performance, including considerations for climate and the environment Provides case studies from around the world to illustrate methods, covering a wide range of climatic conditions, considerations and approaches for transportation planners

Due to the inevitability of climate change, long-term adaptation planning is now a necessary facet of infrastructure planning. The projected impacts of sea level rise on coastal infrastructure are particularly dramatic. Although the U.S. Navy has publicly recognized the potential impacts to Navy infrastructure from climate change, adequate guidance has not been provided to assist Navy infrastructure planners with planning for an uncertain future. This thesis provides a comparative analysis of climate change adaptation choices for the Port of Rotterdam, Port of San Diego, and Naval Base Kitsap - Bremerton. Adaptation planning by ports is the focus of this project due to the similarities between the functions and infrastructure of military and commercial ports. The overarching research intent is to analyze the robustness of current adaptation planning for ports, identify robust yet practical planning choices, and construct a functional adaptation planning framework for use by Navy infrastructure planners. This project analyzed six key adaptation choices for the ports from a robustness perspective: climate change scenarios, decision support tools, adaptation strategy, adaptation actions, adaptation funding sources, and adaptation planning timeframe. Each of the ports' adaptation choices was evaluated using a literature-based methodology, the results of which informed recommendations of the most robust planning choices the U.S. Navy could practically make. The comparative study found the most robust yet practical climate scenario is use a series of scenarios as decision thresholds for flexible, adaptive decision-making. The most robust decision support tool is a combination of methods which are tolerant of uncertainty, such as the reasonable person decision path and resilience planning. The recommended adaptation strategy is a combination of protection, accommodation, and rebuild and recover approaches. A complete list of recommended adaptation actions is location-dependent, though certain actions are robust regardless of location and rate and extent of climate change. Practical, robust recommendations for adaptation planning timelines and financing are 2100 and multiple types of federal funding, respectively. Overall, a planning framework based upon the robustness of adaptation choices made for ports is a promising approach to climate change adaptation planning.

Climate change has become a critical issue in port supply chains in recent decades, involving a variety of disciplines and posing substantial challenges to ports due to their high vulnerability. To date, there is insufficient research on how to minimize these uncertainties in terms of decision-making and port planning. Also, even for port operators who have taken countermeasures to minimize the impacts of climate change on their ports, some strategic and planning problems still remain. Based on the above issues, this thesis proposes that it is pivotal to enhance the awareness of the community's consideration of the risks and uncertainties of climate change impacts on ports, and calls for adaptation strategies to cope with climate change impacts from the perspective of port supply chains. Through an extensive literature review, and a nation-wide survey, as well as in-depth interviews in case studies focused on a seaport, an inland port and railway (Port of Montreal, CentrePort Canada and Hudson Railway respectively), this thesis provides and overview of the risks and uncertainties posed by climate change to Canadian ports. Through both quantitative (SPSS in survey) and qualitative analyses (interviews in the case study), it is expected to fill the gaps of regional studies focused on Canada and the under-researched areas including dry ports, port supply chains and adaptation port planning by considering the risks and uncertainties posed by climate change.

Green Ports: Inland and Seaside Sustainable Transportation Strategies presents the first book to exclusively focus on this important topic that is usually only covered in brief chapters or journal articles that are too theoretical, fragmented or regionally-focused. This book comprehensively and systematically examines the key issues and best practice for understanding green ports and quantifying aspects of their environmental performance. This applied research book will help researchers formulate the needed research questions. Includes practical application tools and techniques for increasing sustainability throughout the entire transportation chain Provides an overall picture of green ports through a collection of expert specialists Examines how ports and surrounding areas are addressing the environmental impacts related to growth in the cruise business Presents a theoretical framework to identify best practices for planning and policymaking for the impacts posed by climate change

Given the strategic role of seaports and of other coastal transport infrastructure as part of the global trading system and the potential for climate-related delays and disruptions across global supply chains, enhancing the climate resilience of key transport infrastructure is a matter of strategic economic importance. Legal and regulatory approaches, as well as policies and plans are going to be key to efforts at facilitating effective risk and vulnerability assessments and providing a supportive framework for adaptation action at all levels. Guidance, standards, best practices, methodologies and other tools in support of adaptation are urgently required, and targeted capacity building is going to be critical, especially for the most vulnerable countries. This includes SIDS, which depend on their ports and coastal airports for food and energy needs, external trade and - crucially - tourism, which typically accounts for a major share of GDP. Against this background and drawing on UNCTAD's related work, since 2008, this compilation of policies and practices has been prepared to contribute to bridging a knowledge gap with regards to climate change impacts and adaptation for coastal transport infrastructure. The compilation presents examples of legal and policy approaches, as well as of reports, studies and guidance to support climate risk, vulnerability and impact assessment, and the development of effective adaptation response measures for coastal transport infrastructure, with a view to informing and inspiring policy makers, national authorities, transport managers, infrastructure owners, and other interested stakeholders in their efforts.

Adaptation is a process by which individuals, communities and countries seek to cope with the consequences of climate change. The process of adaptation is not new; the idea of incorporating future climate risk into policy-making is. While our understanding of climate change and its potential impacts has become clearer, the availability of practical guidance on adaptation has not kept pace. The development of the Adaptation Policy Framework (APF) is intended to help provide the rapidly evolving process of adaptation policy-making with a much-needed roadmap. Ultimately, the purpose of the APF is to support adaptation processes to protect - and enhance - human well-being in the face of climate change. This volume will be invaluable for everyone working on climate change adaptation and policy-making.