Chemical Physical And Mineralogical Properties Of Atmospheric Particulate Matter In The Megacity Beijing

The scope of this work is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the aerosol pollution in the megacity Beijing. The focus lies on the interaction of anthropogenic and geogenic aerosol particles, their spatio-temporal variation, the most important pollution sources as well as the impact of particulate aerosols on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the bioavailable fraction of metal concentrations and the effect of mitigation measures during the 2008 Olympic Games were evaluated.

This study has developed a complete procedure for the measurement of oxygen isotopes in arsenic oxyanions in natural waters by using different adsorbents. The experimental results of kinetic exchange of oxygen between AsO43- and water show that the entire exchange procedure happens in a very short time at different pH conditions and temperatures.

This publication presents results of an interdisciplinary field study assessing the contribution of biological and inorganic processes in the mobilisation and accumulation of arsenic in groundwater of the Bengal Delta Plain, West Bengal. Investigations were focussed on the distribution of arsenic in sediments and shallow groundwater of two representative study sites. All results were combined in an effort to develop a conceptional model describing the mobility of arsenic in West Bengal aquifers.

Selenium (Se), being an essential nutrient and a toxin, enters the food chain mainly via plants. Selenium isotope signatures were proved to be an excellent redox tracer, making it a promising tool for the exploration of the Se cycle in plants. The analytical method is sensitive on organic samples and requires particular preparation methods, which were developed and validated in this study. Plant cultivation setups revealed the applicability of these methods to trace plant internal processes.

The aim of this study was to describe and quantify Se transfer at the interface between soil and plant. For this purpose, three Se reservoirs were defined: soil, soil solution and plant, represented by kaolinite or goethite, nutrient solution and rice. First, Se transfer from solution to plant and Se partitioning in the plant was studied; then adsorption-desorption processes of Se onto kaolinite and goethite were investigated. Finally, a mass balance of the combined experiment was modelled.

Particulate Matter Science for Policy Makers: A NARSTO Assessment was commissioned by NARSTO, a cooperative public-private sector organization of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It is a concise and comprehensive discussion of the current understanding by atmospheric scientists of airborne particulate matter (PM). Its goal is to provide policy makers who implement air-quality standards with this relevant and needed scientific information. The primary audience for this volume will be regulators, scientists, and members of industry, all of whom have a stake in effective PM management. It will also inform exposure and health scientists, who investigate causal hypotheses of health impacts, characterize exposure, and conduct epidemiological and toxicological studies.

"This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans, which met in Lyon, 8-15 October 2013."