Characterization Of Polymer Surfaces And Thin Films

This volume includes contributions to the 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion which was held in Meißen near Dresden from April 10 to 13, 2005 organized by the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden and the Institute of Macromolecular and Textile Chemistry of the Technische Universität Dresden. The meeting was focussed on Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films. Comprehensive characterization of surfaces and interfaces is essential to relate surface and thin film properties to micro structure and molecular origin, which is, on the other hand, the key to technological control and improvement of materials. The contributions in this volume cover a representative spectrum of surface sensitive techniques and their application to polymer surface and thin film characterization as well as recent examples of technologically relevant materials and process development.

In what is an extremely practical and applicable new work, experts provide concise explanations, with examples and illustrations, of the key techniques in this important field. In each case, after basic principles have been reviewed, applications of the experimental techniques are discussed and illustrated with specific examples. Scientists and engineers in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems. They will know that the surfaces and interfaces of polymers play an important role in most of the application areas of polymers, from moulds, foils, and composites, to biomaterials and applications in micro- and nanotechnology.

This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to techniques from photoelectron spectroscopy to electron microscopies and wettability.

In what is an extremely practical and applicable new work, experts provide concise explanations, with examples and illustrations, of the key techniques in this important field. In each case, after basic principles have been reviewed, applications of the experimental techniques are discussed and illustrated with specific examples. Scientists and engineers in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems. They will know that the surfaces and interfaces of polymers play an important role in most of the application areas of polymers, from moulds, foils, and composites, to biomaterials and applications in micro- and nanotechnology.

This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms. Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications

Characterization of Metal and Polymer Surfaces, Volume 2: Polymer Surfaces presents the proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Characterization of Metal and Polymer Surfaces, held in New York, on April 5–8, 1976. This book provides information pertinent to surface science and discusses the applications of surface analyses to polymer technology. Organized into four parts encompassing 21 chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the measurement of binding energies and chemical shifts, which remain a relevant aspect of electron microscopy for organic and inorganic compounds. This text then explores the capability of electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) as a spectroscopic tool that enables the features of structure and bonding in surface, subsurface, and bulk regions of polymer systems to be elaborated. Other chapters consider the surface and interfacial properties of polymers, which are significant in various biomedical applications. This book is a valuable resource for analytical and polymer chemists.

This book is about thin films; what they are, how they are prepared, how they are characterized, and what they are used for. The contents of this book not only showcase the diversity of thin films, but also reveals the commonality among the work performed in a variety of areas. The chapters in this volume are based on invited papers presented by prominent researchers in the field at a Symposium on "Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications" at the 221st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in San Diego, California. The coverage of the symposium was extensive; topics ranged from highly-ordered metal adlayers on well-defined electrode surfaces to bio-organic films on non-metallic nanoparticles. An objective of this book is for the readers to be able to draw from the experience and results of others in order to improve and expand the understanding of the science and technology of their own thin films systems.

Polymers have been used in thin film coatings as a way to produce tailor made surfaces. These thin films have been explored for use in a variety of applications to produce antifouling coatings, corrosion resistant coatings, biocompatible surfaces, and biomedical devices. Polymer brushes, polymer chains tethered to a substrate or surface, synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization have gained significant attention in recent years. As brushes offer a new pathway towards the preparation of functional surfaces and offer long term stability, even in adverse environments, they are attractive for use as high-tech coatings. Patterned polymer thin films have also seen growing interest for various applications. This dissertation will focus on the top-down direct patterning of polymer brushes and the bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. A new approach to creating patterned polymer brushes is highlighted, which is a simpler approach than what is conventionally done. Various polymer brushes were patterned directly using electron beam lithography to create high resolution patterned polymer brushes in a single step. This method was then used to demonstrate the unique ability to create sub-surface patterns within the brush. Additionally, direct patterning was used to create high resolution patterned binary polymer brushes of PMMA and PEGMA. With this binary patterned surface, a surface that responds to its local environment was created. This thesis also details characterization techniques used in probing polymer thin films to better understand how to improve block copolymer self-assembly. By using a powerful technique called grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on solvent vapor annealed block copolymer thin films while monitoring the solvent vapor swollen film thickness and controlling the film swelling with a nitrogen counterflow, the work presented demonstrates how to accurately determine the processing conditions necessary for the annealing process to take place. This process also provides information as to what changes are occurring during the annealing process. Another characterization technique known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is also highlighted. A more exact calculation of the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS is done using polymer brushes as the calibration sample. With this information, we can do composition depth profiling on our polymer thin films to identify what is at the surface.

Polymers are organic, often complex molecular compounds used as the building blocks for plastics, elastomers and various types of synthetic engineered materials. Polymer scientists and chemists are not always familiar with the characterization methods best used for polymeric materials. And knowing what characterization technology works best can make a huge difference in getting an accurate understanding of internal and surface microstructure and ultimately desired properties for the myriads of polymer applications in use today. Useful case studies help to better illustrate the common types of problems and challenges when characterizing polymers. Review of basic polymer structures and synthesis routes, as well as chemical composition Characterization techniques appropriate for morphology of surfaces, interfaces and thin films Useful background on polymer surface thermodynamics, as well as adhesion properties and polymer-polymer interfaces properties and characterization techniques

Ch. 1. Block copolymer thin films / J.-Y. Wang, S. Park and T. P. Russell -- ch. 2. Equilibration of block copolymer films on chemically patterned surfaces / G. S. W. Craig, H. Kang and P. F. Nealey -- ch. 3. Structure formation and evolution in confined cylinder-forming block copolymers / G. J. A. Sevink and J. G. E. M. Fraaije -- ch. 4. Block copolymer lithography for magnetic device fabrication / J. Y. Cheng and C. A. Ross -- ch. 5. Hierarchical structuring of polymer nanoparticles by self-organization / M. Shimomura ... [et al.] -- ch. 6. Wrinkling polymers for surface structure control and functionality / E. P. Chan and A. J. Crosby -- ch. 7. Crystallization in polymer thin films: morphology and growth / R. M. Van Horn and S. Z. D. Cheng -- ch. 8. Friction at soft polymer surface / M. K. Chaudhury, K. Vorvolakos and D. Malotky -- ch. 9. Relationship between molecular architecture, large-strain mechanical response and adhesive performance of model, block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesives / C. Creton and K. R. Shull -- ch. 10. Stability and dewetting of thin liquid films / K. Jacobs, R. Seemann and S. Herminghaus -- ch. 11. Anomalous dynamics of polymer Films / O. K. C. Tsui.