Characterization Of Inhibition And Leachability Of Corrosion Inhibitors In Commercial Primer Systems

Aluminum alloy 7075-T6 is susceptible to localized corrosion when used in aerospace applications. Multi-layered coating systems were applied to aluminum alloys to protect corrosion. Deft primer 02GN084, that was approved to be used in US military aircrafts, is of interest because it has showed promising corrosion protection comparing to an effective chromate system. Praseodymium and CaSO4 were found to be in the Deft primer. Praseodymium was added as a primary corrosion inhibitor while CaSO4 served as an extender material. The role of each component was unknown. CaSO4 might play a role synergistically with praseodymium to inhibit corrosion. Leachability of those inhibitors compared to proven chromate system is also important aspect to fully understand inhibitive mechanism in the real world applications. The mechanism of inhibition by CaSO4 was investigated. Sometimes, electrochemical analysis is not sensitive enough for detecting marginal inhibitors. Free corrosion exposure can reveal the marginal effect of corrosion inhibitors. Samples of AA7075-T6 were exposed to chloride solutions with varying pH via static immersion exposure with and without CaSO4 as an inhibitor for times ranging up to 30 days. Pitting corrosion damage was characterized by optical profilometery (OP) to find pit depth and pit area. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the extent of corrosion. Surface analysis was carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results showed that sulfate suppressed pitting corrosion under acidic conditions. Calcium did not appear to contribute to inhibition in any of the evaluations carried out. EIS results showed an increase in polarization resistance in the presence of sulfate. Thermodynamic and XPS data suggest that the protective film formed in the presence of CaSO4 is Al(OH)SO4.

Provides comprehensive coverage of organic corrosion inhibitors used in modern industrial platforms, including current developments in the design of promising classes of organic corrosion inhibitors Corrosion is the cause of significant economic and safety-related problems that span across industries and applications, including production and processing operations, transportation and public utilities infrastructure, and oil and gas exploration. The use of organic corrosion inhibitors is a simple and cost-effective method for protecting processes, machinery, and materials while remaining environmentally acceptable. Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications provides up-to-date coverage of all aspects of organic corrosion inhibitors, including their fundamental characteristics, synthesis, characterization, inhibition mechanism, and industrial applications. Divided into five sections, the text first covers the basics of corrosion and prevention, experimental and computational testing, and the differences between organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors. The next section describes various heterocyclic and non-heterocyclic corrosion inhibitors, followed by discussion of the corrosion inhibition characteristics of carbohydrates, amino acids, and other organic green corrosion inhibitors. The final two sections examine the corrosion inhibition properties of carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, and review the application of natural and synthetic polymers as corrosion inhibitors. Featuring contributions by leading researchers and scientists from academia and industry, this authoritative volume: Discusses the latest developments and issues in the area of corrosion inhibition, including manufacturing challenges and new industrial applications Explores the development and implementation of environmentally-friendly alternatives to traditional toxic corrosion inhibitors Covers both established and emerging classes of corrosion inhibitors as well as future research directions Describes the anticorrosive mechanisms and effects of acyclic, cyclic, natural, and synthetic corrosion inhibitors Offering an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, Organic Corrosion Inhibitors: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, and Applications is essential reading for chemists, chemical engineers, researchers, industry professionals, and advanced students working in fields such as corrosion inhibitors, corrosion engineering, materials science, and applied chemistry.

This book aims to provide readers with the latest and relevant trends in corrosion. Use of inhibitors is one of the most common, cheap, and globally followed methods for the protection of metals from aggressive solutions. The information contained in this book covers different corrosion inhibitors for different corrosive environments with sufficient experimental data, surface studies, and theoretical studies. These studies altogether will give readers a good view of the basic and advanced knowledge of corrosion inhibitors and will be of interest to students, academicians, and industrialists.

Provides comprehensive coverage of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industries Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for the oil and gas sectors, this book provides a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in this field. It systematically addresses corrosion inhibitors for various applications in the oil and gas value chain, as well as the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition and interference of inhibitors with co-additives. Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is presented in three parts. The first part on Fundamentals and Approaches focuses on principles and processes in the oil and gas industry, the types of corrosion encountered and their control methods, environmental factors affecting inhibition, material selection strategies, and economic aspects of corrosion. The second part on Choice of Inhibitors examines corrosion inhibitors for acidizing processes, inhibitors for sweet and sour corrosion, inhibitors in refinery operations, high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, inhibitors for challenging corrosive environments, inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion, polymeric inhibitors, vapor phase inhibitors, and smart controlled release inhibitor systems. The last part on Interaction with Co-additives looks at industrial co-additives and their interference with corrosion inhibitors such as antiscalants, hydrate inhibitors, and sulfide scavengers. -Presents a well-structured and systematic overview of the fundamentals and factors affecting corrosion -Acts as a handy reference tool for scientists and engineers working with corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Collectively presents all the information available on the development and application of corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Offers a unique and specific focus on the oil and gas industries Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is an excellent resource for scientists in industry as well as in academia working in the field of corrosion protection for the oil and gas sectors, and will appeal to materials scientists, electrochemists, chemists, and chemical engineers.

This reference describes almost 3800 trade name and generic chemicals used to prevent and remove corrosion and rust. Coverage includes chemicals that function as:Acid inhibitors; Antideposition aids; Corrosion inhibitors; Corrosion and rust intermediates; Dispersants; Film-formersRust inhibitors; Rust removers; Neutralizers; Metal deactivators; Oxygen scavengers; pH adjusters; Phosphatizers Protectants; Scale inhibitors; Water repellentsIn these Application Areas: Boiler water systems; Cement/Concrete; Consumer packaging; Cooling water systems; Dry cleaning processes Ferrous/Nonferrous metals; Food processing; Fuel additives Industrial/Consumer equipment; Lubricating systems Metalworking fluids; Oil field applications; Paints/Coatings Pigments Pulp/Paper processing; Wastewater treatment.

A book to cover developments in corrosion inhibitors is long overdue. This has been addressed by Dr Sastri in a book which presents fundamental aspects of corrosion inhibition, historical developments and the industrial applications of inhibitors. The book deals with the electrochemical principles and chemical aspects of corrosion inhibition, such as stability of metal complexes, the Hammett equation, hard and soft acid and base principle, quantum chemical aspects and Hansch' s model and also with the various surface analysis techniques, e.g. XPS, Auger, SIMS and Raman spectroscopy, that are used in industry for corrosion inhibition. The applications of corrosion inhibition are wide ranging. Examples given in this book include: oil and gas wells, petrochemical plants, steel reinforced cement, water cooling systems, and many more. The final chapters discuss economic and environmental considerations which are now of prime importance. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, practicing corrosion engineers and students of materials science, engineering and applied chemistry.

Abstract: Chromate and chromate-free primers were characterized in this study. For chromate primer examined, PPG EWEDA 144A (Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company), SrCrO4 was the active inhibitor. The three chromate-free primers examined were Deft 02GN084, Hentzen 16708 TEP and Sicopoxy 577-630. In the Deft product, the active inhibitor was PrO/ Pr(OH)3. CaSiO3 was the active inhibitor for Hentzen 16708 TEP and BaSO4 for Sicopoxy 577-630. How each pigment reacted within its coating environment during exposure was an object of study and primers coatings were characterized by several techniques. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling was used to prepare cross sections for energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) to identify pigments and inhibitors derived from them. A MatlabTM program was developed to analyze the resulting EDX maps to characterize the dispersion of elements in inhibitor ions produced by pigment dissolution during exposure. Pigment characteristics and pigment dissolution varied widely from primer to primer. Chromate pigments were present in high volume fractions in chromated primers. As a result pigment particles were in close proximity to one other and touching in 2D sections. In the chromate-free primers, inhibitor pigment particles were present in much lower volume fractions and were far away from each other.

"This practical industry-oriented guide has been compiled to meet the needs of personnel employed by operators, design engineers, contractors and chemical suppliers working in the oil and gas industry. The document draws on the experience of specialists employed in various organisations and incorporates appropriate industry and in-company guidelines. Both technical and management issues are addressed and key points are provided at the end of each chapter to aid in the assimilation of the many and varied aspects that contribute to successful corrosion inhibition."--BOOK JACKET.

This volume describes more than 1100 corrosion inhibitors and rust preventives which are currently available for industrial usage. The data included represent selections from manufacturers' descriptions, made at no cost to, nor influence from, the makers or distributors of these materials. Only the most recent information has been included. It is believed that all of the products listed here are currently available, which will be of interest to readers concerned with product discontinuances. This book should be a valuable guide to those interested in products to help alleviate corrosion. Products are presented by company. Also included is a Trade Name Index and Suppliers' Addresses. The book lists the following product information: (1) Company name and product category. (2) Trade name and product numbers. (3) Product Description: a description of the product, and its use.