Chapter 14 The Oceans

Chapter 14: The Oceans of the eBook Understanding Physical Geography. This eBook was written for students taking introductory Physical Geography taught at a college or university. For the chapters currently available on Google Play presentation slides (Powerpoint and Keynote format) and multiple choice test banks are available for Professors using my eBook in the classroom. Please contact me via email at [email protected] if you would like to have access to these resources. The various chapters of the Google Play version of Understanding Physical Geography are FREE for individual use in a non-classroom environment. This has been done to support life long learning. However, the content of Understanding Physical Geography is NOT FREE for use in college and university courses in countries that have a per capita GDP over $25,000 (US dollars) per year where more than three chapters are being used in the teaching of a course. More specifically, for university and college instructors using this work in such wealthier countries, in a credit-based course where a tuition fee is accessed, students should be instructed to purchase the paid version of this content on Google Play which is organized as one of six Parts (organized chapters). One exception to this request is a situation where a student is experiencing financial hardship. In this case, the student should use the individual chapters which are available from Google Play for free. The cost of these Parts works out to only $0.99 per chapter in USA dollars, a very small fee for my work. When the entire textbook (30 chapters) is finished its cost will be only $29.70 in USA dollars. This is far less expensive than similar textbooks from major academic publishing companies whose eBook are around $50.00 to $90.00. Further, revenue generated from the sale of this academic textbook will provide “the carrot” to entice me to continue working hard creating new and updated content. Thanks in advance to instructors and students who abide by these conditions. IMPORTANT - This Google Play version is best viewed with a computer using Google Chrome, Firefox or Apple Safari browsers.

Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed

This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.

Basic Concepts: Composition, Structure, and State. First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics. Transfer Processes. Thermodynamics of Water. Nucleation and Diffusional Growth. Moist Thermodynamics Processes in the Atmosphere. Static Stability of the Atmosphere and Ocean. Cloud Characteristics and Processes. Ocean Surface Exchanges of Heat and Freshwater. Sea, Ice, Snow, and Glaciers. Thermohaline Processes in the Ocean. Special Topics: Global Energy and Entropy Balances. Thermodynamics Feedbacks in the Climate System. Planetary Atmospheres and Surface Ice. Appendices. Subject Index.

In The Empty Ocean, acclaimed author and artist Richard Ellis tells the story of our continued plunder of life in the sea and weighs the chances for its recovery. Through fascinating portraits of a wide array of creatures, he introduces us to the many forms of sea life that humans have fished, hunted, and collected over the centuries, from charismatic whales and dolphins to the lowly menhaden, from sea turtles to cod, tuna, and coral. Rich in history, anecdote, and surprising fact, Richard Ellis’s descriptions bring to life the natural history of the various species, the threats they face, and the losses they have suffered. Killing has occurred on a truly stunning scale, with extinction all too often the result, leaving a once-teeming ocean greatly depleted. But the author also finds instances of hope and resilience, of species that have begun to make remarkable comebacks when given the opportunity. Written with passion and grace, and illustrated with Richard Ellis’s own drawings, The Empty Ocean brings to a wide audience a compelling view of the damage we have caused to life in the sea and what we can do about it. "

Life in the World's Oceans: Diversity, Abundance and Distribution is a true landmark publication. Comprising the synthesis and analysis of the results of the Census of Marine Life this most important book brings together the work of around 2000 scientists from 80 nations around the globe. The book is broadly divided into four sections, covering oceans past, oceans present, oceans future and a final section covering the utilisation of the data which has been gathered, and the coordination and communication of the results. Edited by Professor Alasdair Mcintyre, Marine Life is a book which should find a place on the shelves of all marine scientists, ecologists, conservation biologists, oceanographers, fisheries scientists and environmental biologists. All universities and research establishments where biological, earth and fisheries science are studied and taught should have copies of this essential book on their shelves. A true landmark publication One of the most important marine science books ever published Contributions from many world leading researchers Synthesis of a huge amount of important data Represents the culmination of 10 years' research by 2000 scientists from 80 countries

Australia has the third largest marine estate in the world, extending from the tropics to Antarctica and including vast areas of the Indian, Pacific, and Southern Oceans. As a country, Australia has a good reputation for management of their marine estate, but there is still much to understand about how humans' actions affect the oceans, including through climate change, fishing, resource extraction, shipping, and recreation and tourism. Oceans are tremendous resources culturally, socially, and economically, and they are repositories for incredible biodiversity. They provide food and energy and influence weather and climate across the country. Indigenous Australians have had cultural and livelihood relationships with our oceans for thousands of years. Most Australians live within an hour's drive of the coast and the seaside is a valued recreational destination, as it is for increasing numbers of international tourists. Australia's oceans affect many activities, and managing them well is vital to the nation. Oceans: Science and Solutions for Australia summarizes decades of scientific research by CSIRO and other agencies to describe what is known about Australian oceans, how research contributes to their use and management, and how new technologies are changing marine research. It provides engaging and accessible reading for all those interested in Australia's magnificent marine estate.

Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM

The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.

Welcome to Ocean Sands! This four book collection features the novels Starlit Sand, Golden Sand, Midnight Sand, and Exquisite Sand. Starlit Sand Can a sexy rockstar turn a one-night stand into forever? Workaholic family law attorney Lauren Catalano has been burned by love. But meeting a handsome stranger on the beach on the heels of her divorce, she can't ignore the passion he sparks. When Lauren learns her mystery man is rock superstar Noah Devereux, she’s convinced it’ll never last. But one night together turns into more and Lauren resists falling for a man who’s touched her heart in a way she never thought possible. Humiliated by his supermodel ex’s infidelity, Noah questions the worth of his fame and fortune if all it earns him are hollow relationships and betrayal. Lauren’s honesty and loyalty hit Noah hard and he starts to believe that Lauren’s the woman he needs in his life. Will Noah convince Lauren to believe in happily ever after or will their affair end in more heartbreak? Golden Sand Money can't buy what this billionaire desires most... Computer tycoon Dominic Russell has more money than he ever imagined, but he’s missing something that money can’t buy. When he meets Eden Bell, he’s intrigued by the down-on-her-luck waitress. A relentless competitor, Dominic sets his sights on winning her heart. Fiercely independent Eden Bell doesn’t believe in true love. She’s been burned before, and while Dominic’s attention is flattering, she doesn’t expect the committed bachelor to fall for her and her ready-made family. The charming entrepreneur proves hard to resist, and the two embark on a relationship that could change them both forever. But Eden’s been hiding a life-changing secret from Dominic, and if it comes to light, the truth could tear them apart. Midnight Sand One hot night and now she's carrying his baby... Sought-after bachelor Ethan Davenport has been in love only once—and when it ended in disaster, he swore to never let it happen again. The black sheep of his family, he does things his own way—alone. But a one-night stand opens his eyes to the woman who’s been there for him all along. Scarred from the past, Faith Bishop won’t ever tell Ethan how she feels about him. She tells herself they’re just friends…until one night changes everything. When she becomes pregnant with the billionaire’s baby, she can’t hold back her hopes for a real future with Ethan. Faith’s used to making it on her own, and she doesn’t know if she can trust Ethan to give her the family she’s never had. But Ethan won’t lose his friend and his baby in his life. He’ll do anything to prove to Faith that he’s changed…and she’s the reason why. Exquisite Sand It's about to get hot in the kitchen… Stacy Frederick’s rebuilt her life after the death of her husband, but her wrecked heart isn’t ready to love again. Even her intense attraction to celebrity chef William Blackwell, who’s spending the summer in Ocean Sands, can’t change her mind. She has other things to keep her busy, like saving the floundering restaurant where she works, and consequently securing the promotion that’s been dangled in front of her. William says he can respect Stacy’s boundaries. In Ocean Sands recovering after a battle of his own, he’s under strict orders to rest and recover. Spending a few weeks helping an old friend is just the distraction he needs. No drama is a good thing, and his finger-snap attraction to Stacy should burn itself out any day now… While working shoulder to shoulder, Stacy begins to fall for the handsome chef with Southern charm, and getting a second chance at love starts to feel irresistible...