Challenges In Protein Product Development

In this volume, the authors discuss the many significant challenges currently faced in biotechnology dosage form development, providing guidance, shared experience and thoughtful reflection on how best to address these potential concerns. As the field of therapeutic recombinant therapeutic proteins enters its fourth decade and the market for biopharmaceuticals becomes increasingly competitive, companies are increasingly dedicating resources to develop innovative biopharmaceuticals to address unmet medical needs. Often, the pharmaceutical development scientist is encountering challenging pharmaceutical properties of a given protein or by the demands placed on the product by stability, manufacturing and preclinical or clinical expectations, as well as the evolving regulatory expectations and landscape. Further, there have been new findings that require close assessment, as for example those related to excipient quality, processing, viscosity and device compatibility and administration, solubility and opalescence and container-closure selection. The literature varies widely in its discussion of these critical elements and consensus does not exist. This topic is receiving a great deal of attention within the biotechnology industry as well as with academic researchers and regulatory agencies globally. Therefore, this book is of interest for business leaders, researchers, formulation and process development scientists, analytical scientists, QA and QC officers, regulatory staff, manufacturing leaders and regulators active in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry, and expert reviewers in regulatory agencies.

In this era of biotechnology there have been many books covering the fundamentals of recombinant DNA technology and protein chemistry. However, not many sources are available for the pharmaceutical develop ment scientist and other personnel responsible for the commercialization of the finished dosage forms of these new biopharmaceuticals and other products from biotechnology. This text will help to fill this gap. Once active biopharmaceutical molecules are candidates for clinical trial investigation and subsequent commercialization, a number of other activities must take place while research and development on these molecules continues. The active ingredient itself must be formulated into a finished dosage form that can be conveniently used by health care professionals and patients. Properties of the biopharmaceutical molecule must be clearly understood so that the appropriate finished product formulation can be developed. Finished product formulation development includes not only the chemical formulation, but also the packaging system, the manufacturing process, and appropriate control strategies to assure such good manufacturing practice attributes as safety, identity, strength, purity, and quality.

The rapid advances in recombinant DNA technology and the increasing availability of peptides and proteins with therapeutic potential are a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists who have to formulate these compounds as drug products. Pharmaceutical Formulation Development of Peptides and Proteins, Second Edition discusses the development of therapeutic peptides and proteins, from the production of active compounds via basic pre-formulation and formulation to the registration of the final product. Providing integrated solutions, this book discusses: The synthesis of peptides and the biotechnological production of proteins through recombinant DNA technology The physicochemical characteristics and stability of peptides and proteins The formulation of proteins as suspensions, solutions, and (mostly freeze-dried) solids The opportunities and challenges of non-parenteral delivery of peptides and proteins Risk factors, specifically the development of an unwanted immune response A simulation approach to describe the fate of peptides and proteins upon administration to a biological system The documentation required to register a protein-based drug Scientists in the pharmaceutical industry and academia as well as postgraduate students in pharmaceutical science will find this a valuable resource.

This book provides an objective overview of the hectic, often chaotic, and frequently unpredictable new food product development process. The stages of development are described from the vantage points of the technologist, marketer, and senior management by an author who has worn all three hats. The book covers the various stages of product development, including generating and sifting ideas against the company's objectives, the consumers' perceived needs and expectations, the competitiveness of the marketplace, the technologist's ability to create and manufacture a safe product within budget, and test marketing. Problems facing both small and large companies are confronted and solutions are proposed. Test marketing and the evaluation of such tests are discussed with some new suggestions for interpreting the criteria used. A chapter on organization presents ideas for fostering creativity and avoiding communication and personality conflicts. Trends in new ingredients and technologies to assist in the design of new products are given full coverage. The last chapter is devoted to the future, with stimulating discussion of new challenges to current trends in the industry.

The biotechnology/biopharmaceutical sector has tremendously grown which led to the invention of engineered antibodies such as Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Bispecific T cell engager ( BITES), Dual Variable Domain ( DVD), Chimeric Antigen Receptor - Modified Tcells (CART) that are currently being used as therapeutic agents for immunology and oncology disease conditions. In addition to other pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, all these novel formats are fragile with respect to their stability/structure under processing conditions meaning marginal stability in the liquid state and often require lyophilization to enhance their stability and shelf-life. This book contains chapters/topics that will describe every aspect of the lyophilization process and product development and manufacturing starting from the overview of lyophilization process, equipment required, characterization of the material, design and development of the formulation and lyophilization process, various techniques for characterization of the product, scale-up/tech-transfer and validation. It also describes the application of CFD coupled with mathematical modeling in the lyophilization process and product development, scale-up, and manufacturing. Additionally, Principles and Practice of Lyophilization Process and Product Development contains an entire dedicated section on “Preservation of Biologicals” comprised of nine chapters written by experts and including case studies.

Proteins are exposed to various interfacial stresses during drug product development. They are subjected to air-liquid, liquid-solid, and, sometimes, liquid-liquid interfaces throughout the development cycle-from manufacturing of drug substances to storage and drug delivery. Unlike small molecule drugs, proteins are typically unstable at interfaces where, on adsorption, they often denature and form aggregates, resulting in loss of efficacy and potential immunogenicity. This book covers both the fundamental aspects of proteins at interfaces and the quantification of interfacial behaviors of proteins. Importantly, this book introduces the industrial aspects of protein instabilities at interfaces, including the processes that introduce new interfaces, evaluation of interfacial instabilities, and mitigation strategies. The audience that this book targets encompasses scientists in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry, as well as faculty and students from academia in the surface science, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry areas.

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the newest biopharmaceutical drugs. Among the drugs discussed are ones in the categories of monoclonal antibodies for in-vivo use, cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, immunomodulators, thrombolytics, and immonotherapies including vaccines. Additionally, the volume examines new and emerging technologies, and contains a review of the Human Genome Project.

This work provides researchers with a thorough overview of all aspects related to the development of gluten-free food products. In summarizing and offering critical reviews of published works and focusing on current advances and technologies in gluten free product development, this book covers all of the important subjects related to this increasingly important aspect of the food industry. Important case studies in gluten-free breadmaking and alternative proteins are presented, making this a rich and singular source for food manufacturers and scientists seeking practical knowledge on the challenges and solutions involved in the development of gluten-free foods. Challenges and Potential Solutions in Gluten Free Product Development covers the latest advances and strategies for gluten-free diets including the important nutritional factors involved. Traditional and alternative approaches for the development of gluten-free dough, including starch applications and microbial fermentations, are extensively covered. Alternative proteins including those from vegetables, cereals, legumes and eggs are presented. Novel approaches for gluten-free breadmaking such as aeration strategies, prebiotics, hydrocolloids and nutritional enhancements are also covered in depth. With further chapters dedicated to regulatory aspects, gluten detection methods and the global market, this book presents full and up-to-date coverage of the development and manufacture of gluten-free products.

The state of the art in biopharmaceutical FUSION PROTEIN DESIGN Fusion proteins belong to the most lucrative biotech drugs—with Enbrel® being one of the best-selling biologics worldwide. Enbrel® represents a milestone of modern therapies just as Humulin®, the first therapeutic recombinant protein for human use, approved by the FDA in 1982 and Orthoclone® the first monoclonal antibody reaching the market in 1986. These first generation molecules were soon followed by a plethora of recombinant copies of natural human proteins, and in 1998, the first de novo designed fusion protein was launched. Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals examines the state of the art in developing fusion proteins for biopharmaceuticals, shedding light on the immense potential inherent in fusion protein design and functionality. A wide pantheon of international scientists and researchers deliver a comprehensive and complete overview of therapeutic fusion proteins, combining the success stories of marketed drugs with the dynamic preclinical and clinical research into novel drugs designed for as yet unmet medical needs. The book covers the major types of fusion proteins—receptor-traps, immunotoxins, Fc-fusions and peptibodies—while also detailing the approaches for developing, delivering, and improving the stability of fusion proteins. The main body of the book contains three large sections that address issues key to this specialty: strategies for extending the plasma half life, the design of toxic proteins, and utilizing fusion proteins for ultra specific targeting. The book concludes with novel concepts in this field, including examples of highly relevant multifunctional antibodies. Detailing the innovative science, commercial realities, and brilliant potential of fusion protein therapeutics, Fusion Protein Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals is a must for pharmaceutical scientists, biochemists, medicinal chemists, molecular biologists, pharmacologists, and genetic engineers interested in determining the shape of innovation in the world of biopharmaceuticals.

Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders is the summary of a workshop convened by the IOM Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders to examine opportunities to accelerate early phases of drug development for nervous system drug discovery. Workshop participants discussed challenges in neuroscience research for enabling faster entry of potential treatments into first-in-human trials, explored how new and emerging tools and technologies may improve the efficiency of research, and considered mechanisms to facilitate a more effective and efficient development pipeline. There are several challenges to the current drug development pipeline for nervous system disorders. The fundamental etiology and pathophysiology of many nervous system disorders are unknown and the brain is inaccessible to study, making it difficult to develop accurate models. Patient heterogeneity is high, disease pathology can occur years to decades before becoming clinically apparent, and diagnostic and treatment biomarkers are lacking. In addition, the lack of validated targets, limitations related to the predictive validity of animal models - the extent to which the model predicts clinical efficacy - and regulatory barriers can also impede translation and drug development for nervous system disorders. Improving and Accelerating Therapeutic Development for Nervous System Disorders identifies avenues for moving directly from cellular models to human trials, minimizing the need for animal models to test efficacy, and discusses the potential benefits and risks of such an approach. This report is a timely discussion of opportunities to improve early drug development with a focus toward preclinical trials.