Building A Velocity Model For Prestack Depth Migration In A Complex Area

Compilation of material published 1983-2004.

This is an informal review of the principle techniques and issues associated with prestack depth imaging. The intended audience for this book would be those seismic interpreters, processors, managers, and explorationists who require basic familiarity with the technology that has so greatly expanded the range of geologic structures that can be successfully imaged. The emphasis of the book is on velocity-model building techniques that are the key to successful depth imaging.

The ten-volume set LNCS 12949 – 12958 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2021, which was held in Cagliari, Italy, during September 13 – 16, 2021. The event was organized in a hybrid mode due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The 466 full and 18 short papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 1588 submissions. The books cover such topics as multicore architectures, mobile and wireless security, sensor networks, open source software, collaborative and social computing systems and tools, cryptography, human computer interaction, software design engineering, and others. Part II of the set follows two general tracks: geometric modeling, graphics and visualization; advanced and emerging applications. Further sections include the proceedings of the workshops: International Workshop on Advanced Transport Tools and Methods (A2TM 2021); International Workshop on Advances in Artificial Intelligence Learning Technologies: Blended Learning, STEM, Computational Thinking and Coding (AAILT 2021); International Workshop on Advancements in Applied Machine-learning and Data Analytics (AAMDA 2021). At the end of the book there is a block of short papers. The chapter "Spatial justice models: an exploratory analysis on fair distribution of opportunities" is published open access under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License). /div

This volume is designed to give the practicing geophysicist an understanding of the principles of poststack migration, presented with intuitive reasoning rather than laborious math. Modeling is introduced as a natural process that starts with a geologic model and then builds seismic data. Migration is then described as the reverse process that uses seismic data to find the geologic model. Many other topics are covered relating to the quality of the migrated section, such as aliasing, rugged topography, or use of the correct velocity. Significant new material has been added in this revised edition of the original 1997 book, especially algorithms based on the phase-shift method, such as PSPI and the omegaX method.

Providing theoretical and practical background, the book's first part covers fundamental physics principles to elastodynamic wave propagation. The second part discusses modern developments such as multicomponent data, multiple elimination, AVO, anisotropy, linear anelasticity, Fourier and wavelet representations, and higher-order statistics.

The 2e of Seismic Stratigraphy and Depositional Facies Models summarizes basic seismic interpretation techniques and demonstrates the benefits of integrated reservoir studies for hydrocarbon exploration. Topics are presented from a practical point of view and are supported by well-illustrated case histories. The reader is taken from a basic level to more advanced study techniques. The presented modern geophysical techniques allow more accurate prediction of the changes in subsurface geology. Dynamics of sedimentary environments are discussed their relation to global controling factors, and a link is made to high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. The interest in seismic stratigraphic techniques to interpret reflection datasets is well established. The advent of sophisticated subsurface reservoir studies and 4D monitoring for optimizing the hydrocarbon production in existing fields demonstrate the importance of the 3D seismic methodology. The added value of reflection seismics to the petroleum industry has clearly been proven over the last few decades. Seismic profiles and 3D cubes form a vast and robust data source to unravel the structure of the subsurface. Larger offsets and velocity anisotropy effects give access to more details on reservoir flow properties like fracture density, porosity and permeability distribution. Elastic inversion and modeling may tell something about the change in petrophysical parameters. Seismic investigations provide a vital tool for the delineation of subtle hydrocarbon traps, and they are the basis for understanding the regional basin framework and the stratigraphic subdivision. Seismic stratigraphy combines two very different scales of observation: the seismic and well control. The systematic approach applied in seismic stratigraphy explains why many workers are using the principles to evaluate their seismic observations. Discusses the link between seismic stratigraphic principles and sequence stratigraphy Provides techniques for seismic reservoir characterization as well as well control Analyzes inversion, AVO and seismic attributes

A 3D velocity model is built with a both geophysical and geologic input because of the accuracy demands of depth imaging, so it becomes an increasingly effective interpretive tool. This book addresses ways in which the interpreter should participate in development of the model and underscores its interpretive value with case study examples.