Biohydrometallurgy Of Chalcopyrite

Bioleaching of chalcopyrite is always a challenge and research hotspot. The low copper extraction and dissolution kinetics restricted the industrial application of chalcopyrite bioleaching. To solve this problem, the dissolution process and passivation mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching should be first studied, then the rate-limiting steps should be analysed explicitly, and finally the intensifying method can be put forward. Many scholars have made efforts to investigate the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching. However, there is no congruence of opinion as yet. Biohydrometallurgy of Chalcopyrite summarizes and discusses the reported research findings. In addition, this book publishes the related results found by the authors’ research. Then, the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching is interpreted. Finally, the process intensification techniques of chalcopyrite bioleaching are provided and discussed. Hence, this book provides useful reference and guidance in both laboratory research and industrial production. Interprets the dissolution mechanism of chalcopyrite in bioleaching Provides feasible technologies for intensifying chalcopyrite bioleaching Overviews the current situations of chalcopyrite bioleaching Helps the readers to deeply understand the bioleaching mechanisms of chalcopyrite Provides topics for future research and potential industrial applications

Biomining is the use of microorganisms in the recovery of metals from ores. During bioleaching, metals such as copper, nickel or zinc are oxidized through microbial action from the water-insoluble sulfide to the soluble sulfate forms. Although gold is inert to microbial action, microbes can also be used in gold recovery from certain types of ores because as they oxidize the ore, they open up its structure, thereby allowing a gold-solubilizing agent such as cyanide to penetrate the ore. The book describes several industrial bioleaching and biooxidation processes as well as the underlying theory and biology of the microbes involved.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Recent Advances in Hydro- and Biohydrometallurgy that was published in Minerals

Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The main focus of this collection of peer-reviewed articles is biohydrometallurgy. This is the field of microbial ecology which is the key to answering central questions concerning not only the diversity and behavior of micro-organisms in commercial operations, but also possible applications in biohydrometallurgy of extremophiles coming from very different environments. The 134 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Microbial Ecology, Geomicrobiology and Bioprospecting in Natural and Mining Environments; Chapter 2: Omics, Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry of Microorganisms in Mining Processes; Chapter 3: Industrial Biohydrometallurgy: Studies, Practices and Operation; Chapter 4: Biohydrometallurgy as a Remediation Strategy.

Comprehensive and multidisciplinary presentation of the current trends in trace elements for human, animals, plants, and the environment This reference provides the latest research into the presence, characterization, and applications of trace elements and their role in humans, animals, and plants as well as their use in developing novel, functional feeds, foods, and fertilizers. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, describing the biological and industrial applications of trace elements. It covers various topics, such as the occurrence, role, and monitoring of trace elements and their characterization, as well as applications from the preliminary research to laboratory trials. Recent Advances in Trace Elements focuses on the introduction and prospects of trace elements; tackles environmental aspects such as sources of emission, methods of monitoring, and treatment/remediation processes; goes over the biological role of trace elements in plants, animals, and human organisms; and discusses the relevance of biomedical applications and commercialization. A compendium of recent knowledge in interdisciplinary trace element research Uniquely covers production and characterization of trace elements, as well as the industrial and biomedical aspects of their use Paves the way for the development of innovative products in diverse fields, including pharmaceuticals, food, environment, and materials science Edited by well-known experts in the field of trace elements with contributions from international specialists from a wide range of areas Unique in presenting comprehensive and multidisciplinary information of the key aspects of trace elements research in a digestible form, this book is essential reading for the novice and expert in the fields of environmental science, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, materials science, pharmaceutical science, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical sciences. It is also valuable for companies that implement new products incorporating trace elements to the market.

This research is concerned with the bioleaching of chalcopyrite (CuFeS\(_2\)) by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (ATCC 19859), which has been carried out in shake flasks (250 ml) and a 4-litre stirred tank bioreactor. The effects of experimental factors such as initial pH, particle size, pulp density and shake flask speed have been studied in shake flasks by employing cell suspensions in the chalcopyrite concentrate with the ATCC 64 medium in the absence of added ferrous ions. The characterisation of T. ferrooxidans on chalcopyrite concentrate was examined by investigating the adsorption isotherm and electrophoretic mobility. Subsequently, a mechanism for copper dissolution was proposed by employing relevant experiments, including the chemical leaching of chalcopyrite by sulphuric acid and ferric sulphate solutions, bioleaching of chalcopyrite in the presence of added ferric ions, and cell attachment analysis by scanning electron microscopy. Following the above, the work then focused on the bioleaching of the chalcopyrite concentrate in a stirred tank bioreactor for the purpose of scaling up, and investigated the effects of agitation speeds. Finally, the bioleaching of low-grade copper ores has been briefly studied. The results show that the rate of copper dissolution has a positive relationship with bacterial growth, particularly with respect to bacterial attachment, which has an important role based on adsorption isotherm and scanning electron microscopy studies. However, it is not only bacteria that play an important role in copper dissolution; also the strength of sulphuric acid can influence copper solubility. For example, copper dissolution can be achieved using a sulphuric acid solution of pH 1.5, giving a concentration of about 1 g/l copper after 25 days. The results obtained from the adsorption isotherm of T. ferrooxidans and the electrophoretic mobility of chalcopyrite particles before and after interaction with each other has proved the fact that the changes in.

Biotechnology of Metals: Principles, Recovery Methods and Environmental Concerns deals with all aspects of metal biotechnology in different areas, such as biogenesis, biomaterials, biomimetic strategies, biohydrometallurgy, mineral biobeneficiation, electrobioleaching, microbial corrosion, human implants, concrete biocorrosion, microbiology of environment pollution, and bioremediation. As the technology of this interdisciplinary science has diversified over the last five years, this book provides a valuable source for scientists and students in a number of disciplines, including geology, chemistry, metallurgy, microbiology, chemical engineering, environment, civil engineering, and biomedical engineering. Offers comprehensive coverage of an interdisciplinary subject Outlines the role of microbiology and biotechnology in mining, metallurgy, waste disposal and environmental control Covers new topics, such as biogenesis, biomaterials processing, the role of micro-organisms in causing corrosion, and much more Presents scientifically illustrated experimental research methods in metals biotechnology