Barbizon Revisited

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Without question, the tache (blot, patch, stain) is a central and recurring motif in nineteenth-century modernist painting. Manet's and the Impressionists? rejection of academic finish produced a surface where the strokes of paint were presented directly, as patches or blots, then indirectly as legible signs. C?nne, Seurat, and Signac painted exclusively with patches or dots. Through a series of close readings, this book looks at the tache as one of the most important features in nineteenth-century modernism. The tache is a potential meeting point between text and image and a pure trace of the artist?s body. Even though each manifestation of tacheism generates its own specific cultural effects, this book represents the first time a scholar has looked at tacheism as a hidden continuum within modern art. With a methodological framework drawn from the semiotics of text and image, the author introduces a much-needed fine-tuning to the classic terms index, symbol, and icon. The concept of the tache as a ?crossing? of sign-types enables finer distinctions and observations than have been available thus far within the Peircean tradition. The ?sign-crossing? theory opens onto the whole terrain of interaction between visual art, art criticism, literature, philosophy, and psychology.

"When John Cage opened his compositions to chance sounds in the 1950s, and Andy Warhol began exhibiting paintings of Brillo boxes in the 1960s, the art of the commonplace seemed like something radically, even frighteningly, new. But noting an unprecedented shift, around 1800, away from the idealism of Western aesthetics, Leonard shows that attacks on the art object as outspoken as any made by twentieth-century avant-gardists can be found in the works of Wordsworth, Ruskin, Carlyle, Emerson, and Whitman. From Wordsworth to Cage, a certain kind of artist sought to re-orient humanity's devotion from the next world to this one, to situate paradise in "the simple produce of the common day." "Enough of Science and Art," Wordsworth began his first book of poems. "Come forth into the light of things." Two hundred years later, John Cage would tell us, "We open our eyes and ears seeing life, each day excellent as it is. This realization no longer needs art." By studying artists together with poets, Leonard uncovers the rich tradition that links Wordsworth to Cage and illuminates many figures in between. Into the Light of Things transforms our understanding of modern culture."--Jacket.