Autoradiography

Autoradiography for Biologists discusses the basic and practical aspects of various autoradiography techniques. It is composed of six chapters; each chapter covers a specific form of autoradiography technique. Chapter 1 discusses various theoretical aspects of autoradiography, such as radioactive decay, beta-particle absorption, photographic process, sensitivity, and resolving power. Chapters 2 to 6 discuss basic aspects of several forms of autoradiography, including macro-, stripping film, diffusible substances, liquid emulsion, and high resolution autoradiography. Practical and theoretical details of the technique, together with modifications made, are covered in each chapter. This book will be both an encouragement and a help to people wanting to apply autoradiography to the solution of biological problems.

Autoradiography in Biology and Medicine focuses on the applications of autoradiography in medicine and biology, including photographic processes, emulsions, and response of films to isotopes and x-rays. The book first offers information on the meaning of autoradiography, including the etymology of autoradiography, photographic emulsion as a scientific instrument, and the relationship of biologists and autoradiography. The publication then examines the photographic process and comparative response of commercial and scientific emulsions. Discussions focus on fixation, washing, emulsion, response of films to electrons, x-rays, and gamma rays, and response of films to beta ray spectra of isotopes. The text takes a look at commercial photographic materials for autoradiography, autoradiographic image, and resolution. The manuscript then reviews the estimation of dose and exposure time, sources of error, and techniques. Topics include chemical variables, estimation of exposure time, errors occurring during the preparation of the autoradiogram for exposure, and contour autoradiography. The book is a valuable reference for readers interested in autoradiography.

This book describes levels of autoradiography, which is the localization within a solid specimen of a radiolabel, to help the beginner or biologist choose the correct approach for particular application. It attempts to lay emphasis on certain aspects of the appraisal of autoradiographs.

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Autoradiography has been used only to a rather limited extent in metallurgical studies. Probably the major deterring factor has been that the autoradiographic systems have not provided the high resolution required in many investigations. A general discussion of the requirements for high-resolution autoradiography is presented in this report including detecting layer as well as radioactive-sample specifications. The need for a thin photographic emulsion in close contact with the metal surface is emphasized. The desirability of using favorable radiation (e.g., low-energy beta radioactivity) is also discussed.

This book reports the most significant results of a scientific study of thirty-nine paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The works under investigation are by seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish artists, mainly Rembrandt and his school. Art and Autoradiography publishes data obtained by the use of a new technique: neutron activation autoradiography. Through this method, it is now possible to study the substructure of paintings, their genesis, and their condition in far greater detail than had been possible with the conventional techniques of X-ray radiography and infrared photography. As a result, an artist's creative process can now be studied very closely. Autoradiography provides significant information for resolving questions about an artist's oeuvre and about workshop variations, attribution, dating, and even doubted authenticity. -- Metropolitan Museum of Art website.

Autoradiography and Immunocytochemistry sets out in detail the preparation of autoradiographs and methods of preparing and use of immunological staining reagents. This book begins with an introduction to the demand for autoradiography and immunocytochemistry and their most advantageous use, followed by a discussion on the immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopical (EM) level in relation to the preparation of labeled antibodies. Other topics include the general remarks on “staining with antibodies; applying Fer-Ab conjugates to ultrathin sections; and controls in immunoferritin staining. The multistep antibody staining methods with unmodified proteins; control observations in staining experiments using lectins; and pattern analysis in EM immunocytochemistry are also covered. This text concludes with a description of the preparation of electron microscope autoradiographs, including the radioisotopes in EM autoradiography, preparation of radioactively-labeled tissues and cells, and methods of applying nuclear emulsions. This publication serves as a detailed laboratory guide for researchers and workers to successfully conduct electron microscope techniques.

Physical Techniques in Biological Research, Second Edition, Volume III, Part B: Autoradiography at the Cellular Level focuses on high resolution autoradiography with tritium. This book reviews the different autoradiographic techniques and difficulties in theoretical principles needed for the interpretation of autoradiograms. The topics include the characteristics of the different types of radiation; autoradiographic resolution; techniques for applying photographic emulsions; and autoradiography of water-soluble substances. The application of different isotopes; general aspects of the use of thymidine; physiological RNA synthesis; and RNA synthesis under pathological conditions are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the protein synthesis under normal conditions; electron microscopic autoradiography; application of electron microscopic autoradiography; and autoradiographic methods in cytochemistry. This publication is a good reference for students, researchers, and clinicians conducting work on the use of tritiated compounds in high resolution autoradiography.