Assessment And Remediation Of Contaminated Sediments Arcs Program Estimating Contaminant Losses From Components Of Remediation Alternatives For Contaminated Sediments

Industrial and municipal point-source discharges and nonpoint source pollution from agricultural and urban areas over many years have contaminated bottom sediments in the rivers, harbors, and nearshore areas of the Great Lakes. Improved controls for discharges have reduced pollutant loads to the Great Lakes. However, toxic substances in bottom sediments continue to impair sediment and water quality and may contribute to toxic effects in aquatic biota and, potentially, in humans. Areas in the Great Lakes that remain seriously impaired have been designated as "areas of concern" (AOCs) under the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 1988). Public support for control of pollution in these AOCs has prompted increased attention by Government agencies and environmental organizations toward development of plans for remediation.

This book provides a risk-based framework for developing and implementing strategies to manage PCB-contaminated sediments at sites around the country. The framework has seven stages, beginning with problem definition, continuing through assessment of risks and management options, and ending with an evaluation of the success of the management strategy. At the center of the framework is continuous and active involvement of all affected parties-particularly communities-in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the management strategy. A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments emphasizes the need to consider all risks at a contaminated site, not just human health and ecological effects, but also the social, cultural, and economic impacts. Given the controversy that has arisen at many PCB-contaminated sites, this book provides a consistent, yet flexible, approach for dealing with the many issues associated with assessing and managing the risks at Superfund and other contaminated sites.

In this text, drawn from presentations and discussion at a May 2005 NATO Advanced Research Workshop, current approaches to the assessment and remediation of contaminated sediments are discussed with emphasis on in-situ management. The text addresses physical, chemical and biological approaches for the assessment and remediation of sediments. The development of regulatory and strategic approaches is discussed with emphasis on the potential for biological remediation in the management of contaminated sediments.