Approaches To Prototyping

"This conference will focus on the user-oriented development of information systems. Against a background of recent concepts for the implementation of distributed systems based on workstation computers, various communicational, organizational and social issues gain increasing importance in the construct ion of computer based information systems. There is an urgent need to integrate end-users and other affected groups into the development process. New strategies for system development are thus needed. " This was the beginning of the Call for Papers to the Working Conference on Prototyping. Working in the fields of user-oriented software construct ion and the analysis of communication problems between developers and users we, that is the GMD team involved in this conference and in preparing its Proceedings, sooner or later came across various new concepts to overcome the problems sketched above. Concepts focusing on the quick construct ion of an operative system such as "rapid prototyping" or concepts aiming at the human and organizational side of the development process such as "Systemeering". Even on a second look, the multitude of different approaches, terms and tools still caused confusion. But despite the differences every concept seemed to have something to do with "Prototyping". This, however, proved to be of little help to us, because the term "Prototyping" itself turned out to be quite "fuzzy". In this obviously confused situation we decided that it was time for a working con ference.

Prototyping is an approach used in evolutionary system development. In this book, the authors show which forms of prototyping can be employed to tackle which problems. They take a look at the tools used in everyday software development with a view to determining their suitability for prototyping, and attempt to elucidate prototyping as a methodological concept. Part I of the book looks at prototyping as an approach for constructing and evaluating models. Traditional approaches and phase-oriented life cycle plans are discussed. Prototyping overcomes fundamental problems associated with life cycle plans. The authors present their own concept of evolutionary system development. Part II shows to what extent technical support of evolutionary system development is possible. Various tools for supporting prototyping are discussed and prospective trends are indicated. Criteria are listed to help the reader choose between the various development environments currently available or likely to become available in the near future. Case studies are used to illustrate how prototype construction can be integrated in software projects.

In our contemporary learning society, expectations about the contribution of education and training continue to rise. Moreover, the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) creates many challenges. These trends affect not only the aims, content and processes of learning, they also have a strong impact on educational design and development approaches in research and professional practices. Prominent researchers from the Netherlands and the USA present their latest findings on these issues in this volume. The major purpose of this book is to discuss current thinking on promising design approaches and to present innovative (computer-based) tools. The book aims to serve as a resource and reference work that will stimulate advancement in the field of education and training. It is intended to be useful in academic settings as well as for professionals in design and development practices.

The cost of producing software worldwide now approaches $250 billion annually--much of it delivered late and over budget. This book offers a better way--prototyping. The author suggests incorporating the input of end-users early on, radically changing the software process itself. Controversial and highly readable.

""This is the single best book on software quality engineering and metrics that I've encountered."" --Capers Jones, from the Foreword"Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering, Second Edition," is the definitive book on this essential topic of software development. Comprehensive in scope with extensive industry examples, it shows how to measure software quality and use measurements to improve the software development process. Four major categories of quality metrics and models are addressed: quality management, software reliability and projection, complexity, and customer view. In addition, the book discusses the fundamentals of measurement theory, specific quality metrics and tools, and methods for applying metrics to the software development process.New chapters bring coverage of critical topics, including: In-process metrics for software testingMetrics for object-oriented software developmentAvailability metricsMethods for conducting in-process quality assessments and software project assessmentsDos and Don'ts of Software Process Improvement, by Patrick O'TooleUsing Function Point Metrics to Measure Software Process Improvement, by Capers Jones In addition to the excellent balance of theory, techniques, and examples, this book is highly instructive and practical, covering one of the most important topics in software development--quality engineering. 0201729156B08282002

Fields of study progress not by understanding more about what already exists, although that is a useful step, but by making guesses about possible better futures. The guesses consist of small forays into those futures, using strategies that are variously called learning through making, research through design, or more simply: prototyping. While traditionally associated primarily with industrial design, and more recently with software development, prototyping is now used as an important tool in areas ranging from materials engineering to landscape architecture to the digital humanities. This book collects current theories and methods of prototyping across a dozen disciplines and illustrates them through case studies of actual projects, whether in industry or the classroom. Prototyping Across the Disciplines provides context, a theoretical framework, and a set of methodologies for interdisciplinary collaboration in design. Each chapter offers a different disciplinary perspective on prototyping and provides a case study as a point of comparison for identifying commonalities and divergences in current practices. In examining the central role of prototyping in design research, this edited collection demonstrates theoretical and methodological transferability across disciplines not typically thought to be related, including post-human design, theatre, tabletop game design, landscape architecture, and arts entrepreneurship.

A software prototype is a partial, possible, or preliminary implementation of a proposed new product according to Wiegers and Beatty (2013). Poor requirements are in most cases the major cause of late products with so many bugs and design flaws. An effective prototyping process can reduce cost and improve customer satisfaction and delight (Wilson, 2010). A prototyping with an effective approach can also be used to validate and extract assumptions and requirements that exist among the product team. It is absolutely important to understand that requirements may have unwanted side effects before the creation of the final product which only a prototype can expose. Arnowitz, Arent and Berger (2007) suggested that too often in the software process, design and creation are crammed into the late stages when there is little time available for prototyping and validation, thus leading to high-risk software development. This book will first cover a review of the literature, and secondly it will explore the significance of prototyping and examine its benefits.

This book investigates processes for the prototyping of user interfaces for mobile apps, and describes the development of new concepts and tools that can improve the prototype driven app development in the early stages. It presents the development and evaluation of a new requirements catalogue for prototyping mobile app tools that identifies the most important criteria such tools should meet at different prototype-development stages. This catalogue is not just a good point of orientation for designing new prototyping approaches, but also provides a set of metrics for a comparing the performance of alternative prototyping tools. In addition, the book discusses the development of Blended Prototyping, a new approach for prototyping user interfaces for mobile applications in the early and middle development stages, and presents the results of an evaluation of its performance, showing that it provides a tool for teamwork-oriented, creative prototyping of mobile apps in the early design stages.