Applied Physiology To Reduce Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

This book details the mechanisms of ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) at the alveolar level with the aim to identify optimal ventilation methods necessary to preserve lung function. Mortality associated with the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including that caused by COVID-19, remains unacceptably high. The primary treatment is supportive in the form of protective mechanical ventilation, but set improperly this can cause an unintended secondary VILI significantly increasing mortality. To improve ventilation strategies needed to reduce VILI the alteration in alveolar mechanics caused by ARDS must be understood. The protective ventilation strategy must attempt to normalize alveolar mechanics, which would significantly reduce the mechanical damage subjected to lung tissue during mechanical ventilation. Written by leading experts with numerous diagrams, figures, and videos, this book takes the latest research in the field and translates it to clinical practice. Authors discuss the ARDS-induced alteration in alveolar mechanics that make it so susceptible to VILI and novel ventilation strategies necessary to normalize alveolar mechanics and reduce ARDS related morbidity and mortality. Chapters cover normal lung (alveolar mechanics and micro anatomy), how these are altered during acute lung injury, and the optimal Mechanical Breath Profile (MBp) necessary to stabilize and open the lung to reduce both VILI and acute lung injury-induced morbidity and mortality. This is an ideal guide for pulmonologists, critical care specialists, surgeons, and all medical professionals working with patients on ventilation.

This reference surveys current best practices in the prevention and management of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and spans the many pathways and mechanisms of VILI including cell injury and repair, the modulation of alveolar-capillary barrier properties, and lung and systemic inflammatory consequences of injurous mechanical ventilation. Cons

Revised and updated for this second edition, this compendium is essential to the effective delivery of acute care medicine and has been written by renowned experts in the field. It will serve as an invaluable reference source on key everyday issues.

Te practice of intensive care medicine is at the very forefront of titration of treatment andmonitoringresponse. Te substrateofthiscareisthe criticallyill patientwho,by defnition, is at the limits of his or her physiologic reserve. Such patients need immediate, aggressive but balanced life-altering interventions to minimize the detrimental aspects of acute illness and hasten recovery. Treatmentdecisionsandresponsetotherapyareusually assessed by measures of physiologic function, such as assessed by cardio-respiratory monitoring. However, how one uses such information is ofen unclear and rarely supported by prospective clinical trials. In reality, the bedside clinician is forced to rely primarily on physiologic principles in determining the best treatments and response to therapy. However, the physiologic foundation present in practicing physicians is uneven and occasionally supported more by habit or prior training than science. A series of short papers published in Intensive Care Medicine since 2002 under the heading Physiologic Notes attempts to capture the essence of the physiologic perspectives that underpin both our understanding of disease and response to therapy. Tis present volume combines the complete list of these Physiologic Notes up until July 2006 with the ass o cia t ed r e vie w a r tic les o v er t h e s a m e in t er val t ha t a ls o addr ess e d t hes e cen tral issues.

Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.

One of the key tools in effectively managing critical illness is the use of mechanical ventilator support. This essential text helps you navigate this rapidly evolving technology and understand the latest research and treatment modalities. A deeper understanding of the effects of mechanical ventilation will enable you to optimize patient outcomes while reducing the risk of trauma to the lungs and other organ systems. A physiologically-based approach helps you better understand the impact of mechanical ventilation on cytokine levels, lung physiology, and other organ systems. The latest guidelines and protocols help you minimize trauma to the lungs and reduce patient length of stay. Expert contributors provide the latest knowledge on all aspects of mechanical ventilation, from basic principles and invasive and non-invasive techniques to patient monitoring and controlling costs in the ICU. Comprehensive coverage of advanced biological therapies helps you master cutting-edge techniques involving surfactant therapy, nitric oxide therapy, and cytokine modulators. Detailed discussions of both neonatal and pediatric ventilator support helps you better meet the unique needs of younger patients.

The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care is the official textbook of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACVC) of the ESC. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of premature death worldwide and a cause of loss of disability-adjusted life years. For most types of CVD early diagnosis and intervention are independent drivers of patient outcome. Clinicians must be properly trained and centres appropriately equipped in order to deal with these critically ill cardiac patients. This new updated edition of the textbook continues to comprehensively approach all the different issues relating to intensive and acute cardiovascular care and addresses all those involved in intensive and acute cardiac care, not only cardiologists but also critical care specialists, emergency physicians and healthcare professionals. The chapters cover the various acute cardiovascular diseases that need high quality intensive treatment as well as organisational issues, cooperation among professionals, and interaction with other specialities in medicine. SECTION 1 focusses on the definition, structure, organisation and function of ICCU's, ethical issues and quality of care. SECTION 2 addresses the pre-hospital and immediate in-hospital (ED) emergency cardiac care. SECTIONS 3-5 discuss patient monitoring, diagnosis and specific procedures. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and serious arrhythmias form SECTIONS 6-8. The main other cardiovascular acute conditions are grouped in SECTION 9. Finally SECTION 10 is dedicated to the many concomitant acute non-cardiovascular conditions that contribute to the patients' case mix in ICCU. This edition includes new chapters such as low cardiac output states and cardiogenic shock, and pacemaker and ICDs: troubleshooting and chapters have been extensively revised. Purchasers of the print edition will also receive an access code to access the online version of the textbook which includes additional figures, tables, and videos to better to better illustrate diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and procedures in IACC. The third edition of the ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care will establish a common basis of knowledge and a uniform and improved quality of care across the field.

This book is based on a selection of the most original articles published in the past year on new technological advances in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. The authors of these papers were invited to contribute to this volume with critical reviews of their recent results and a discussion of the clinical implications of these findings. Technical innovations in the treatment of respiratory diseases involve many aspects from basic physics to pathophysiology and clinical experience in pulmonary and critical care medicine. The book therefore covers a broad spectrum of topics including mechanical ventilation, ventilator modes, new pharmacological treatments during ventilation, prevention of ventilator-associated infections, technologies in anesthesiology, pulmonary rehabilitation, telemonitoring in pediatric and neonatal critical care and assistance in chronic respiratory failure. Diagnostic methods such as polysomnography and ultrasound are considered as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation methods and new options in inhalation therapies. Furthermore, the role of the environment in respiratory health problems is analyzed, and organizational issues in disaster management and intensive care are highlighted. Intended to help clinicians understand the highly technological diagnostic and therapeutic methods available today, this book will be indispensable for anyone caring for children or adults with respiratory problems, both in the ICU and in daily practice.