Applications Of Neural Networks In Environment Energy And Health Proceedings Of The 1995 Workshop On The Environment And Energy Applications Of Neural Networks

This book contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental and Energy Applications of Neural Networks. The purpose of this workshop was to provide a forum for discussing environmental, energy, and biomedical applications of neural networks. The applications covered in these proceedings include modeling and predicting soil, air and water pollution; waste reduction; environmental sensing; spectroscopy; hazardous waste handling and cleanup; environmental monitoring of power plants; process monitoring and optimization of power systems; modeling and control of power plants; power load forecasting; fault location and diagnosis of power systems; medical image and signal analysis; medical diagnosis; analysis of environmental health effects; health insurance, and modeling biological systems.

These proceedings contain edited versions of the technical presentations of the Workshop on Environmental and Energy Applications of Neural Networks, held on March 30--31, 1995, in Richland, Washington. The purpose of the workshop was to provide a forum for discussing environmental, energy, and biomedical applications of neural networks. Panels were held to discuss various research and development issues relating to real-world applications in each of the three areas. The applications covered in the workshop were: Environmental applications -- modeling and predicting soil, air and water pollution, environmental sensing, spectroscopy, hazardous waste handling and cleanup; Energy applications -- process monitoring and optimization of power systems, modeling and control of power plants, environmental monitoring for power systems, power load forecasting, fault location and diagnosis of power systems; and Biomedical applications -- medical image and signal analysis, medical diagnosis, analysis of environmental health effects, and modeling biological systems. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.

Americans drink many gallons of tap water every day, but many of them question the safety of tap water every day as well. In fact, devices have been created to filter tap water directly before reaching cups. It's true; however, that the provision and management of safe drinking water throughout the United States have seen triumphs in public health since the beginning of the 20th century. Although, advances in water treatment, source water protection efforts, and the presence of local, state, and federal regulatory protection have developed over the years, water in the United States still contain chemical, microbiological, and other types of contaminants at detectable and at times harmful levels. This in addition to the growth of microbial pathogens that can resist traditional water treatment practices have led to the question: Where and how should the U.S. government focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? To deal with these issues the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments of 1996 Safe included a request that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publish a list of unregulated chemical and microbial contaminants and contaminant groups every five years that are or could pose risks in the drinking water of public water systems. The first list, called the Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate List (CCL), was published in March 1998. The main function of the CCL is to provide the basis for deciding whether to regulate at least five new contaminants from the CCL every five years. However, since additional research and monitoring need to be conducted for most of the contaminants on the 1998 CCL, the list is also used to prioritize these related activities. Classifying Drinking Water Contaminants for Regulatory Consideration is the third report by the Committee on Dinking Water Contaminants with the purpose of providing advice regarding the setting of priorities among drinking water contaminants in order to identify those contaminants that pose the greatest threats to public health. The committee is comprised of 14 volunteer experts in water treatment engineering, toxicology, public health, epidemiology, water and analytical chemistry, risk assessment, risk communication, public water system operations, and microbiology and is jointly overseen by the National Research Council's (NRC'S) Water Science and Technology Board and Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. In this report the committee needed to readdress its second report as well as explore the feasibility of developing and using mechanisms for identifying emerging microbial pathogens for research and regulatory activities. The promotion of public health remains the guiding principle of the committee's recommendations and conclusions in this report.

The Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 instituted wide-ranging regulatory changes to the seminal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)-such as providing funding to communities facing health risks, focusing regulatory efforts on contaminants posing such health risks, and adding flexibility to the regulatory process- and the amendments continue to shape regulations and regulatory policy to this day. Editor Frederick Pontius's Drinking Water Regulation and Health provides a comprehensive, up-to-date resource on the current regulatory landscape. Drinking Water Regulation and Health serves as a guide for water utilities, regulators, and consultants, forecasting future trends and explaining the latest developments in regulations. A diverse group of contributors covers topics such as water treatment, water protection, how some of the regulations have been interpreted in the courts, how water utilities can stay in compliance, and how to satisfy customer expectations, especially sensitive subpopulations. Divided into four sections - The SDWA and Public Health, Regulation Development, Contaminant Regulation and Treatment, and Compliance Challenges - the book includes chapters on: * Improving Waterborne Disease Surveillance * Application of Risk Assessments in Crafting Drinking Water Regulations * Control of Drinking Water Pathogens and Disinfection By-Products * Selection of Treatment Technology for SDWA Compliance * Death of the Silent Service: Meeting Consumer Expectations * Achieving Sustainable Water Systems * What Water Suppliers Need to Know About Toxic Tort Litigation

Over recent years most business processes have changed in various dimensions (e. g. , ?exibility, interconnectivity, coordination style, autonomy) due to market conditions, organizational models, and usage scenarios of information systems. Frequently, inf- mationisrelocatedwithinageographicallydistributedsystemaccordingtorulesthatare only seldom de?ned as a well-codi?ed business process. This creates the need for a so- ware infrastructure that enables ubiquitous mobile and collaboration systems (UMICS). The anywhere/anytime/any means paradigm is becoming the major challenge in conceiving, designing, and releasing next-generation information systems. New te- nologies, like wi-? networks and 3rd-generation mobile phones, are offering the infr- tructure to conceive of information systems as ubiquitous information systems, that is, systems that are accessible from anywhere, at any time, and with any device. Ubiquity is not yet another buzzword pushed by emerging technologies, but is mainly a means to support new business models and encourage new ways of working. This new wave of UMICS will exploit the knowledge developed and deployed for conventional infor- tion systems, but will also need new concepts, models, methodologies, and supporting technologies to fully exploit the potentials of the enabling infrastructure and to be ready for the challenge. Moreover, people need to move across organizational boundaries and collaborate with others within an organization as well as between organizations. The ability to query the company’s distributed knowledge base and to cooperate with co-workers is still a requirement, but mobility brings new access scenarios and higher complexity.