Antiwar Transnationalism

During the Vietnam War the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and the National Liberation Front (NLF) conducted an elaborate, vigorous, and sustained diplomatic campaign aimed at "peoples of the world," a strategy it called "people's diplomacy," to discredit the US war effort in world opinion. Because US leaders often dismissed this campaign as DRV state-directed propaganda, they failed to realize the complex nature of the phenomenon of People's Diplomacy (state-related apparatus) and people's diplomacy (spontaneous grassroots movement) that involved a large number of methods, organizations, and individuals both in Vietnam and overseas. Based on research in Vietnam, France, and the US, including archival research and interviews, my dissertation produces the first transnational history of efforts by the Vietnamese diaspora to promote an international antiwar movement and examines their implications for foreign policy. By adding the perspective of a Vietnamese-led transnational antiwar movement, my work helps explain why US policy in Vietnam failed and Washington was not better able to move public opinion during the "global sixties." Bringing to the forefront the agency of ordinary people, my study also speaks to a core concern in the field of US foreign relations: the role of non-state actors in influencing relations between states, especially in a complex setting that links together events in the United States, Asia, and Europe.The vigorous and often successful People's Diplomacy agenda conducted by the DRV and NLF stemmed from Ho Chi Minh's and his revolutionary colleagues' groundwork during the French War and was systematically developed during the American War (chapters 1, 2, and 3). These chapters investigate the methodical use of gender, culture, and media by the DRV/NLF leadership and the self-discipline and unrivalled dedication of both People's Diplomats and people's diplomats. My dissertation is the first to uncover a group of South Vietnamese students who were sponsored by USAID to study in the US to become future leaders of South Vietnam and yet who later turned into vocal antiwar activists (chapter 4). Chapter 5 is where the state's People's Diplomacy and grassroots people's diplomacy intersected and helped win to the side of the Vietnamese revolutionaries worldwide support.

Transnational Actors in War and Peace explores the identities, organization, strategies, and influence of transnational actors involved in contentious politics, armed conflict, and peacemaking over the last one hundred years. While the study of transnational politics has been a rapidly growing field, to date, the disparate array of actors have not been analyzed alongside each other, making it difficult to develop a common theoretical framework or determine their relative influence on international stability, war, and peace. This work seeks to fill this gap by bringing together a diverse set of scholars focused on a range of transnational actors, such as: pirates, foreign fighters, terrorists, private military security companies, criminal networks, religious groups, diasporas, political exiles, NGOs, environmental activists, global news agencies, and feminist advocacy networks. Each chapter examines a different transnational actor and is structured around five components: how the actor is organized; how it interacts with other actors; how it communicates both internally and externally; how it influences conflict/peace; and how it reflects developments in transnationalism.

This is the first comparative transnational approach to the language of absolute war and the literature on World War II.

Banksy is known worldwide for his politically subversive works of art, but he is far from the only artist whose creations are infused with internationally relevant, activist themes. How else can the arts help activate citizen participation in social justice movements? Moreover, what is the role of culture in a globalizing world? Transnationalism, Activism, Art goes beyond Banksy by investigating how the three complementary political, social, and cultural phenomena listed in the title interact in the twenty-first century. Renowned and emerging critics use current theory on cultural production and politics to illuminate case studies of various media, including film, literature, visual art, and performance, in their multiple manifestations, from electronic dance music to Wikileaks to bestselling poetry collections. By addressing how these artistic media are used to enact citizen participation in social justice movements, the volume makes important connections between such participation and scholarly study of globalization and transnationalism.

Mark Shirk examines historical and contemporary state responses to transnational violence to develop a new account of the making of global orders. He considers a series of crises that plagued the state system: piracy in the eighteenth century, anarchist "propagandists of the deed" at the turn of the twentieth, and al Qaeda in recent years.

This book examines the phenomenon of modern memory as a reaction to total war, an aspiration to truth-seeking provoked by the independent forces of modern war and collective violence which is transnational, or postnational, in character. Using examples from prose and poetry, film and theatre, painting and photography, and music and the popular arts, the author traces a narrative path through the events of the twentieth century, defining the tradition of modern memory in terms of its essentially anti-militaristic, anti-war character, as expressed in the manner in which it represents recalled violence and atrocity. Through a series of thematic discussions of two world wars, the Shoah, urbicide and nuclear weapons, Postnational Memory explores the formation of transnational memory, drawing on examples from industrialized societies, with a focus on memory of real events and their reproduction in literature and the arts, often including personal recollections that link the self to the represented past. As such, by asking how the concept of modern memory is constructed through the victims of war and genocide, the book constitutes an alternative to national memories and hegemonic, militarist or ethnocentric histories. Surveying the emergence of new, transnational forms of remembering the past, it will appeal to students and scholars of sociology, memory studies and peace studies, as well as those working in disciplines such as modern and international history, cultural studies and military studies.

This handbook presents cutting-edge research on Asian transnationalism written by experts in the areas of migration, diaspora, ethnicity, gender, language, education, politics, media, art, popular culture and literature from diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives. The Asian region not only constitutes one of the largest diasporic populations in the world but also the most diversified diasporas in terms of their historical trajectories of emigration, geographical spread, economic and political strength, socio-cultural integration in the host country and transnational engagement with the homeland. Divided thematically into six broad sections, the chapters in this handbook critically discuss and debate some of the pertinent issues of Asian transnationalism: Contextualizing Asian Transnationalism Transnationalism and Socio-Cultural Identities Transnationalism, Education and Infrastructure Transnationalism, Gender and Development Transnationalism and Dynamics of Diasporic Politics Transnationalism, Art and Media The Routledge Handbook of Asian Transnationalism will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers and students interested in the study of international migration, Asian diaspora and transnationalism. Chapter 29 of this book is available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

In Red Internationalism, Salar Mohandesi returns to the Vietnam War to offer a new interpretation of the transnational left's most transformative years. In the 1960s, radicals mobilized ideas from the early twentieth century to reinvent a critique of imperialism that promised not only to end the war but also to overthrow the global system that made such wars possible. Focusing on encounters between French, American, and Vietnamese radicals, Mohandesi explores how their struggles did change the world, but in unexpected ways that allowed human rights to increasingly displace anti-imperialism as the dominant idiom of internationalism. When anti-imperialism collapsed in the 1970s, human rights emerged as a hegemonic alternative channeling anti-imperialism's aspirations while rejecting systemic change. Approaching human rights as neither transhistorical truth nor cynical imperialist ruse but instead as a symptom of anti-imperialism's epochal crisis, Red Internationalism dramatizes a shift that continues to affect prospects for emancipatory political change in the future.

Visions of Solidarity is currently the only study of peace activist's transformation from an anti-war struggle to an anti-globalization struggle. It explores the power dynamics between citizen activists in the Global North and South, examining efforts at reframing issues of social justice over time, and highlighting transnational feminist politics and agency at the local level. This book focuses on the way that transnational activists strategies are negotiated across boundaries. Through a comparative ethnographic study of the U.S.-based Witness for Peace and the Wisconsin Coordination Council on Nicaragua, the author, Clare Weber, explores how the organizations came to have very different responses over time to the neoliberal development project imposed on Nicaragua by the United States. Weber skillfully links studies of transnational social movements, women's grassroot activism, and the Central America Peace movement in this unique book.

The first academic account of the 21st century anti-war and peace movement. Empirically rich and conceptually innovative, Anti-War Activism pays especially close attention to the changed information environment of protest, the complex alliances of activists, the diversity of participants, as well as campaigners' use of new (and old) media.