Antenna Designs Based On Metamaterial Inspired Structures

This book describes innovative design solutions for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and antennas. Focusing mainly on passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF)-RFID tag antennas, it examines novel approaches based on the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures as radiating elements. It also offers an exhaustive analysis of the radiation properties of several metamaterial-inspired resonators such as the split ring resonator (SRR) and related structures. Further, it discusses in detail an innovative technology for the RFID tagging of optical discs, which has demonstrated a significant improvement over the state of the art and resulted in a patent. By covering the entire research cycle of theory, design/simulation and fabrication/evaluation of RFID tags and antennas, while also reporting on cutting-edge technologies, the book provides graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive and timely overview of RFID systems, and a closer look at several radiating structures.

Novel metamaterial and metamaterial-inspired structures and microwave/antenna applications thereof are proposed and studied in this thesis. Motivated by the challenge of extending the applicability of metamaterial structures into practical microwave solutions, the underlying objective of this thesis has been the design of low-cost, easily fabricated and deployable metamaterial-related devices and the development of computational tools for the analysis of those. For this purpose, metamaterials composed of tightly coupled resonators are chosen for the synthesis of artificial transmission lines and enabling antenna applications. Specifically, fully-printed double spiral resonators are employed as modular elements for the design of tightly coupled resonators arrays. After thoroughly investigating the properties of such resonators, they are used for the synthesis of artificial lines in either grounded or non-grounded configurations. In the first case, the supported backward waves are exploited for the design of microstrip-based filtering/diplexing devices and series-fed antenna arrays. In the second case, the effective properties of such structures are employed for the design of a novel class of self-resonant, low-profile folded monopoles, exhibiting low mutual coupling and robust radiating properties. Such monopoles are, in turn, used for the synthesis of different sub-wavelength antenna arrays, such as superdirective arrays. Finally, an in-home periodic FDTD-based computational tool is developed and optimized for the efficient and rigorous analysis of planar, metamaterial-based, high-gain antennas.

The book presents an engineering approach for the development of metamaterials and metasurfaces with emphasis on application in antennas. It offers an in-depth study, performance analysis and extensive characterization on different types of metamaterials and metasurfaces. Practical examples included in the book will help readers to enhance performance of antennas and also develop metamaterial-based absorbers for a variety of applications. Key Features Provides background for design and development of metamaterial structures using novel unit cells Gives in-depth performance study of miniaturization of microstrip antennas Discusses design and development of both transmission and reflection types, metasurfaces and their practical applications. Verifies a variety of Metamaterial structures and Metasurfaces experimentally The target audience of this book is postgraduate students and researchers involved in antenna designs. Researchers and engineers interested in enhancing the performance of the antennas using metamaterials will find this book extremely useful. The book will also serve as a good reference for developing artificial materials using metamaterials and their practical applications. Amit K. Singh is Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India. He is a Member of the IEEE, USA. Mahesh P. Abegaonkar is Associate Professor at the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He is a Senior Member of the IEEE, USA. Shiban Kishen Koul is Emeritus Professor at the Centre for Applied Research in Electronics at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. He is a Life Fellow of the Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE), USA, a Fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE), and a Fellow of the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (IETE).

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Offers an up-to-date discussion of multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems is a comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art reconfigurable antennas and 4G/5G communication antennas. The book gives a unique perspective while giving a comprehensive overview of the following topics: Frequency reconfigurable antennas Pattern reconfigurable antennas Polarization reconfigurable antennas Reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Metal, Piezoelectric, and RF MEMS MIMO and 4G/5G wireless communication antennas Metamaterials and metasurfaces in reconfigurable antennas Multifunctional antennas for user equipments (UEs) Defense related antennas and applications Flat panel phased array antennas The book is a valuable resource for the practicing engineer as well as for those within the research field. As wireless communications continuously evolves, more and more functionally will be required, and thus multifunctional antennas and RF systems will be necessary. These multifunctional antennas will require a degree of reconfigurability, and this book discusses various methods which enable this. The main topics of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurability is first discussed. Methods utilizing unique materials and devices, both real and artificial are discussed. The book also delves into 4G/5G antennas as it relates to MIMO, and millimeter-wave phased arrays. Finally, there is a section on defense related multifunctional RF antenna systems.

The introduction of the so-called metamaterials, artificial materials which have engineered electromagnetic responses that are not readily available in nature, and their exotic properties have provided an alternate design approach that has led to improved performance characteristics of several radiating and scattering systems. This dissertation work introduces an antenna design paradigm based on the incorporation of metamaterials, which have negative permittivity and/or permeability medium properties, with simple radiating elements to obtain efficient electrically-small antenna systems. The most general analytical form of the electrically-small electric dipole antenna in the presence of a multilayered metamaterial shell system is developed and the total radiated power of this system is optimized using a hybrid genetic algorithm(GA)-MATLAB optimization approach. The numerical modeling of more realistic antenna-metamaterial systems confirms the analytical results. The theoretical and numerical studies of their radiation and resonance behaviors have led this dissertation work to the discovery of the first physical two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial based and inspired efficient electrically-small antenna systems. Several novel metamaterial-inspired electrically-small antenna systems, i.e., the 2D and 3D electrical- and magnetic-based EZ antennas, are reported and are shown to be naturally matched to a 50 Ohms source and, hence, to have high overall efficiencies. The proposed 2D and 3D EZ antenna systems are linearly scalable to a wide range of frequencies. Several versions of the 2D EZ antennas were fabricated and tested. The measurement results confirm the performance predictions. This dissertation also considers several new metamaterial structures. An artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) slab is designed to achieve its in-phase reflection properties in the X-band at 10 GHz without the presenceof a PEC ground plane. A block of this AMC structure was designed, fabricated, tested, and then integrated with a dipole antenna to realize a resonant low profile antenna system having a large front-to-back ratio.

The introductory topic of this special issue provides a carefully structured, elegant discussion of the fundamental principles of the radiating elements and has been written as an introduction for the nonspecialist and a review for the expert. An analytical method is used to predict the features of the simulation results, implying that within a certain frequency range, negative value of permittivity and permeability is obtained due to metametarials. The S-parameters as a performance matrix with -35.1532dB are obtained from antenna simulations carried on CADFEKO Silverlite version 5.5 and High Frequency Structure Simulator version 11. These parameters are used to retrieve the effective permittivity and permeability. Simulations have been carried out for different shapes of microstrip patch antenna in the microwave regime of Low Earth Orbit and Medium Earth Orbit satellites. Based on the methodology, optimization of structure is proposed for the application of metamaterials as antenna substrate to primarily enhance directivity by minimizing its refractive index.

This book focuses on the role of soft-computing-based electromagnetic computational engines in design and optimization of a wide range of electromagnetic applications. In addition to the theoretical background of metamaterials and soft-computing techniques, the book discusses novel electromagnetic applications such as tensor analysis for invisibility cloaking, metamaterial structures for cloaking applications, broadband radar absorbers, and antennas. The book will prove to be a valuable resource for academics and professionals, as well as military researchers working in the area of metamaterials.

A comprehensive guide to antenna design, manufacturing processes, antenna integration, and packaging Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications contains an introduction to the history of AiP technology. It explores antennas and packages, thermal analysis and design, as well as measurement setups and methods for AiP technology. The authors—well-known experts on the topic—explain why microstrip patch antennas are the most popular and describe the myriad constraints of packaging, such as electrical performance, thermo-mechanical reliability, compactness, manufacturability, and cost. The book includes information on how the choice of interconnects is governed by JEDEC for automatic assembly and describes low-temperature co-fired ceramic, high-density interconnects, fan-out wafer level packaging–based AiP, and 3D-printing-based AiP. The book includes a detailed discussion of the surface laminar circuit–based AiP designs for large-scale mm-wave phased arrays for 94-GHz imagers and 28-GHz 5G New Radios. Additionally, the book includes information on 3D AiP for sensor nodes, near-field wireless power transfer, and IoT applications. This important book: • Includes a brief history of antenna-in-package technology • Describes package structures widely used in AiP, such as ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat no-leads (QFN) • Explores the concepts, materials and processes, designs, and verifications with special consideration for excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance Written for students in electrical engineering, professors, researchers, and RF engineers, Antenna-in-Package Technology and Applications offers a guide to material selection for antennas and packages, antenna design with manufacturing processes and packaging constraints, antenna integration, and packaging.