An Outline History Of Ophthalmology

When the eyeball is indented in total darkness, within less than 200 mil liseconds an oval or quarter-moon shaped spot of light is perceived in the part of the visual field corresponding to the indented region of the retina. In the seconds following, this phosphene extends across the whole visual field and alters in structure during further eyeball indentation. It is then seen as irregular large bright spots of light, finely structured moving light grains ('light nebula') and stationary bright stars. Regular geometrical patterns appear only when both eyes are indented simultaneously [1]. When the eyeball deformation is released, part of the retina again lights up for another one or two seconds and curved light lines are seen following the course of the larger retinal vessels (Fig. 1). In the following we will review the history of this phenomenon, which played an important role during the first 2200 years of vision theories and in the development of models to explain normal vision. 2. Pre-Socratic philosophers, Plato and Aristotle Alcmaeon of Croton (6-5th century B. C. ), who was a member of the Pythagoraean sect and one of the founders of Greek medicine, was the first to describe mechanical deformation of the eyeball leading to light sensa tions. According to Aristotle's pupil Theophrast of Eresos, Alcmaeon report ed that 'the eye obviously has fire within,for when the eye is struckfireflashes out' [2, p. 88].

The Complete Guide to Ocular History Taking is a handy reference tool while administering an eye exam to a patient, making it ideal for on-the-job training. Because it is organized by topic, this manual is quick and easy to use. An accurate history is crucial in any eye exam. In this book, Jan Ledford not only advises you on patient confidentiality and how to condense a lengthy narrative, but also provides tips on patient rapport. Specific questions to ask the patient are included regarding ocular and systemic disorders, visual and physical symptoms, and medications. This handy manual will lead you in the right direction to increase efficiency and accuracy in ocular history taking.

The Eye in History is a comprehensive manual describing the structure and function of the eye, ocular disorders and their treatment. Beginning with an introduction to anatomy and discussion on different disorders, the authors also review eye diseases of famous historical people and perception differences between men and women. The final sections discuss eye surgery and future technologies including the bionic eye, nanotechnology and gene therapy. Edited by Frank Joseph Goes of the Goes Eye Centre in Belgium, this multi-authored book has contributions from specialists throughout Europe, as well as the USA. 830 full colour images and illustrations assist comprehension. Key points Comprehensive guide to structure and function of the eye, ocular disorders and treatment Includes sections on eye diseases of famous historical people, the art of painting and perception Discusses future technologies including bionic eye, nanotechnology and gene therapy Edited by Frank Joseph Goes of Goes Eye Centre, Belgium, with contributions from authors across Europe and the USA Features 830 full colour images and illustrations

The History of Glaucoma, the latest in the Hirschberg series of the history of ophthalmology, covers the twists, turns, and paradigm-shifts in the glaucoma concept over the past two millennia. Previously, scholars were not able to agree on how the term glaucoma, which related in antiquity to the color of a diseased eye, ended up describing an excavated optic neuropathy which has nothing to do with color. The volume begins in the ancient world, and proceeds all the way to the modern era of optical coherence tomography, minimally invasive surgery, and anti-VEGF agents. Ophthalmic historians and glaucoma specialists from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Latin America have contributed their scholarship and recollections to this volume, which includes photographs from private collections, information from unpublished documents, and new translations from Latin, Arabic, French, German, and Spanish. The work of masters such as Julius Hirschberg and Max Meyerhof is supplemented by the latest scholarship, which has benefited from the explosion in digitally-accessible historical documents. This new scholarship has upended many deeply rooted beliefs about ophthalmology history. Most important, the volume relates the personal stories of eye surgeons and patients, to bring the past to life. The History of Glaucoma is a must-have for anyone interested in medical history.

Ophthalmology at a Glance provides a concise overview ofthe specialty, with clear and simple diagrams illustrating theessential information required for students, trainee optometrists,opticians and specialty nurses. It includes details on history and examination, before movingthrough specific conditions and their treatment. Closely trackingthe undergraduate ophthalmology curriculum, this new edition isfully updated to reflect new developments in the field. Ophthalmology at a Glance: • Features tip boxes to give further insight into topics,warning boxes to indicate cautionary advice, help with examtechnique, further reading, and key point boxes which summarizeeach chapter • Includes new chapters on tropical ophthalmology, ocularoncology and giant cell arteritis • Features expanded material on red eye and painful lossof vision, and discussion of new scientific evidence for theexistence of a sixth layer of the cornea (Dua’s layer) • Includes a companion website atwww.ataglanceseries.com/ophthal featuring clinical case studies,all the clinical images from the book as PowerPoint slides, andinteractive flashcards for self-test

The history and development of vision and ocular medicine over time always occurred within a framework of many other cultural events. Thus, it is important to understand these factors before one can appreciate how vision and ocular medicine were viewed and practiced at a particular time and in a particular region, and how both slowly progressed over the centuries. Ocular medicine is, and always has been, a part of medicine, and is influenced by its theoretical and practical principles, as well as its diagnostic and therapeutic practices. If the ancient people thought that diseases were caused b.

Clear, concise, and clinical, this unique reference offers a comprehensive overview of the basic techniques needed for ocular examination and diagnosis. Abundantly illustrated, it presents the principles of each technique, provides guidance on choosing the appropriate approach, explains how to perform them, offers examples of when each technique should be used, and lists their common indications and potential pitfalls. Offers a full chapter covering new imaging techniques for the retina and optic nerve. Features abundantly illustrated guidance in a clear format for a quick visual reference. Explores standard assessment procedures as well as microbiological examination and investigation, ultrasound and radiological evaluation, clinical visual electrophysiology, and fluorescein angiography.