A Guide For The Assessment Of Technologies For Generating Electricity

Electricity, supplied reliably and affordably, is foundational to the U.S. economy and is utterly indispensable to modern society. However, emissions resulting from many forms of electricity generation create environmental risks that could have significant negative economic, security, and human health consequences. Large-scale installation of cleaner power generation has been generally hampered because greener technologies are more expensive than the technologies that currently produce most of our power. Rather than trade affordability and reliability for low emissions, is there a way to balance all three? The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies considers how to speed up innovations that would dramatically improve the performance and lower the cost of currently available technologies while also developing new advanced cleaner energy technologies. According to this report, there is an opportunity for the United States to continue to lead in the pursuit of increasingly clean, more efficient electricity through innovation in advanced technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies makes the case that America's advantagesâ€"world-class universities and national laboratories, a vibrant private sector, and innovative states, cities, and regions that are free to experiment with a variety of public policy approachesâ€"position the United States to create and lead a new clean energy revolution. This study focuses on five paths to accelerate the market adoption of increasing clean energy and efficiency technologies: (1) expanding the portfolio of cleaner energy technology options; (2) leveraging the advantages of energy efficiency; (3) facilitating the development of increasing clean technologies, including renewables, nuclear, and cleaner fossil; (4) improving the existing technologies, systems, and infrastructure; and (5) leveling the playing field for cleaner energy technologies. The Power of Change: Innovation for Development and Deployment of Increasingly Clean Energy Technologies is a call for leadership to transform the United States energy sector in order to both mitigate the risks of greenhouse gas and other pollutants and to spur future economic growth. This study's focus on science, technology, and economic policy makes it a valuable resource to guide support that produces innovation to meet energy challenges now and for the future.

Electricity Generation and the Environment is a very concise, up-to-date, and accessible guide to the evolution of environmental awareness, what that environmental awareness has taught the industry, and how technologies can be used to test and improve power performance. There is a strong emphasis on the related social impacts and economic factors involved in the various methods of generating electricity which Breeze explores, making this a valuable and insightful read for those involved in the planning and delivery of energy, such as energy engineers, power generation planners, policy makers, managers, and academics. Explores various life-cycle assessments Covers fast-advancing renewable and alternative power sources such as hydropower and transportation Discusses various externalities which impact on the decisions to implement systems and technologies Evaluates the economic and environmental viability of each power generation system covered

A Manual for the Economic Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies provides guidance on economic evaluation approaches, metrics, and levels of detail required, while offering a consistent basis on which analysts can perform analyses using standard assumptions and bases. It not only provides information on the primary economic measures used in economic analyses and the fundamentals of finance but also provides guidance focused on the special considerations required in the economic evaluation of energy efficiency and renewable energy systems.

Comprehensive resource explaining how to evaluate technologies for different purposes in any industry using four different practical approaches Future-Oriented Technology Assessment offers a comprehensive view of technology assessment structured into three different practical approaches: Technology Evaluation, Technology Roadmapping, and Technology Intelligence. The first four chapters include studies which utilize technology gap analysis, multiple criteria decision analysis, expert assessment quantification or neural networks to evaluate or forecast technology alternatives. The next five chapters apply bibliometric analysis, patent analysis, and network analysis to identify technology trends and the leaders in the field. The final four chapters use technology roadmapping, which charts a comprehensive plan for implementing technology. Additional topics covered in Future-Oriented Technology Assessment include: Smart grid technology as an alternative to fossil fuel consumption Heat pump water heaters that reduce the cost of energy and improve energy efficiency, with particular focus on research from the US and China Nanotechnology in construction in Saudi Arabia to improve heat insulation, energy efficiency, and tensile strength in green building designs With comprehensive, practical insight into evaluating emerging technologies across different industries, Future-Oriented Technology Assessment is an essential read for researchers in technology and professionals in engineering and technology management, along with professionals and graduate students in related disciplines and programs of study.

There was a time when a text on power generation would have focused squarely on technological problems and been directed solely toward engineering students. This approach is no longer feasible. The author states that he has prepared this text &"to fill the need for a reasoned presentation of the resources, hazards, and costs of power generation in the context of a review of the technology. The great concern in recent years with resources and the environment means that engineering design must be guided and constrained by many more factors than in the past. The engineering profession should be fully aware of the widening implications of power generation so that planners can work as intelligently as possible for long-term human benefit... &"The book is organized into four more or less independent parts. Chapters 1 to 3 deal with energy resources in light of the demand for power and the possibilities of energy conservation; Chapters 4 to 6 deal with the environmental effects and hazards of power generation; Chapter 7 focuses on financial costs; and Chapters 8, 9, and 10 review the technologies of nuclear, fossil, and solar power.&" The emphasis throughout the text is on a quantitative assessment of relevant factors in order to provide a framework in which alternatives can be reasonably compared. The discussion of present and potential solar energy technology and costs is especially distinctive in this regard and differs greatly from the qualitative assessments offered by other texts. Problems and references are included at the end of each chapter to give students an opportunity to think about the implications of basic factors and to guide them into the literature. This book is intended primarily for upper-level undergraduate or first-year graduate students in engineering, science, or environmental studies. Its broad scope and balanced technical approach should also make it useful to people in many other fields who find it necessary to understand the basis and constraints of power engineering.

The Earth receives 174 Petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30 % of its radiation is reflected back to space while the rest of 71 % (124 PW) is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The world cumulative solar PV installed capacity reached almost 398 Gigawatts (GW) in 2018. This is only about 0.3 % of solar energy utilization from the sun. There is a wide gap of utilization is noticed due to lack of technology. In 1931 selenium cell efficiency of 1% invented then in 1980 thin films cell efficiency of 6-7% introduced. After 2013, efficiency of 18 to 21% achieved by crystalline silicon technology. In India, the installed capacity of till 2018 is of 350 GW which includes renewable and non-renewable energy sources. In that the cumulative installed solar capacity is only about 25 GW. By 2022, India wants to install 175 Gigawatt (GW) of renewable power capacity which corresponds to around half of its total electricity production. To achieve this capacity by improving solar cell efficiency from 20 % to 40 %, augmentation of grid infrastructure, massive subsidies and skilled manpower of 3 lakhs persons for the next three years to achieve the planned target. Most of the world's population lives in areas with solar insolation levels of 150 to 300 watts/m� or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m� per day. In India, the per capita electricity consumption from 2017 to 2018 was around 1150 to 2000 kWh. The electricity demand in the country will grow at 7 % between FY 2017 and FY 2022 and 57 % of the total electricity capacity will be generated from renewable sources by 2027 as per Central Electricity Authority (CEA). In 2011, a report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) found that solar energy technologies such as photovoltaic, solar hot water and concentrated solar power could provide a third of the world's energy by 2060.