A Dictionary Of The Quechua Language

This book presents a synchronic grammar of the southern dialects of Yauyos, an extremely endangered Quechuan language spoken in the Peruvian Andes. As the language is highly synthetic, the grammar focuses principally on morphology; a longer section is dedicated to the language's unusual evidential system. The grammar's 1400 examples are drawn from a 24-hour corpus of transcribed recordings collected in the course of the documentation of the language.

This dictionary pairs 28,000 words in English with Spanish and Quechua. We have focused on the Southern Bolivia dialect of Quechua and Spanish as commonly used in central and South America. Peru became the first country to recognize Quechua as one of its official languages in 1975. Ecuador conferred official status on the language in its 2006 constitution and in 2009 Bolivia adopted a new constitution that recognized Quechua as one of the official languages of the country. In recent years, Quechua has been introduced in intercultural bilingual education (IBE) in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Currently, the major obstacle to the diffusion of the usage and teaching of Quechua is the lack of written material such as books, newspapers, software, and magazines in the Quechua language. Thus, Quechua, along with Aymara and the minor indigenous languages, remains essentially a spoken language.

This Quechua Phrasebook focuses on cultural understanding and travel etiquette. Tips are included for conversations, market shopping and defining local items, and grammar and punctuation chapters are featured.

While creating an English thesaurus for Bolivian Quechua speakers seems simple enough, it can be tricky. What's the problem? Translations do not always follow strict transitivity. Normally, if a=b and b=c, then c=a. This is not necessarily true in linguistics when b is an English word that has more than one part of speech. For example, "test" is a verb, noun and adjective. What is the correct English synonym for "a" (in Bolivian Quechua) when "b" (in English) has synonyms ("c") having many parts of speech? Furthermore, what if "a" (in Bolivian Quechua) is ambiguous and has several translations into English ("b")? This thesaurus embraces this ambiguity by giving as much information to the reader as possible. This was accomplished in two phases. In the first phase, maximum-likelihood English translations of the Bolivian Quechua subject words are given. For all the languages covered in Webster's Online Dictionary translations are determined using rather massive content analyses of translations from various sources including translations of United Nations documents, translations of the Holy Bible (and similar sources), training manuals, popular works, and academic sources. An English translation having the highest probability of being used is reported first, then the second most probable is reported second, and so on. In the second phase, English synonyms for all parts of speech, including those not related to the original Bolivian Quechua subject, are given for each English translation generated by the first phase. If an English entry is most used as a certain part of speech (estimated based on an English language corpus), then English synonyms for that part of speech are listed first.This indicates to the speaker of Bolivian Quechua how the English subject word is most used. Other parts of speech are listed based on their frequency of usage in English. Within each pa

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