40th International Auction

This book provides an in-depth study of Private International Law reasoning in the field of international sale of goods contracts. It connects the dots between European and Chinese law and offers an unprecedented transversal and comparative legal study on the matter. Its main purpose is to identify the consequences of European rules on Chinese companies and vice versa. The first part addresses the conflict of jurisdiction and conflict of law rules, while the second part discusses in detail the practical importance and the impact of arbitration, which is becoming more common thanks to its flexibility. The third part focuses on the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts and carefully analyses their use. The final part examines contracts involving consumers.

This new book provides an in-depth understanding of federated learning, a new and increasingly popular learning paradigm that decouples data collection and model training via multi-party computation and model aggregation. The volume explores how federated learning integrates AI technologies, such as blockchain, machine learning, IoT, edge computing, and fog computing systems, allowing multiple collaborators to build a robust machine-learning model using a large dataset. It highlights the capabilities and benefits of federated learning, addressing critical issues such as data privacy, data security, data access rights, and access to heterogeneous data. The volume first introduces the general concepts of machine learning and then summarizes the federated learning system setup and its associated terminologies. It also presents a basic classification of FL, the application of FL for various distributed computing scenarios, an integrated view of applications of software-defined networks, etc. The book also explores the role of federated learning in the Internet of Medical Things systems as well. The book provides a pragmatic analysis of strategies for developing a communication-efficient federated learning system. It also details the applicability of blockchain with federated learning on IoT-based systems. It provides an in-depth study of FL-based intrusion detection systems, discussing their taxonomy and functioning and showcasing their superiority over existing systems. The book is unique in that it evaluates the privacy and security aspects in federated learning. The volume presents a comprehensive analysis of some of the common challenges, proven threats, and attack strategies affecting FL systems. Special coverage on protected shot-based federated learning for facial expression recognition is also included. This comprehensive book, Federated Learning: Principles, Paradigms, and Applications, will enable research scholars, information technology professionals, and distributed computing engineers to understand various aspects of federated learning concepts and computational techniques for real-life implementation.

This book provides a collection of recent research works on learning from decentralized data, transferring information from one domain to another, and addressing theoretical issues on improving the privacy and incentive factors of federated learning as well as its connection with transfer learning and reinforcement learning. Over the last few years, the machine learning community has become fascinated by federated and transfer learning. Transfer and federated learning have achieved great success and popularity in many different fields of application. The intended audience of this book is students and academics aiming to apply federated and transfer learning to solve different kinds of real-world problems, as well as scientists, researchers, and practitioners in AI industries, autonomous vehicles, and cyber-physical systems who wish to pursue new scientific innovations and update their knowledge on federated and transfer learning and their applications.